Despite the rapid increase in alternative schooling options across the United States in recent years, spillover effects of competition on public school students are not well understood. Standard arguments in support of school choice claim that competition creates incentives for incumbent schools to improve academic quality, but I argue that these schools may respond through increased provision of services valued by households that do not directly improve academic achievement. Using data from a charter school expansion in North Carolina, I find that charter competition had a negative effect on student achievement in public middle schools, and that this was importantly related to an increase in household influence and a decrease in teacher empowerment within incumbent schools.

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公立学校如何应对竞争？特许学校扩建的证据

尽管近年来美国各地的替代教育选择迅速增加，但竞争对公立学校学生的溢出效应尚不清楚。支持择校的标准论点声称，竞争会激励现有学校提高学术质量，但我认为，这些学校可能会通过增加家庭重视的服务来做出回应，但这些服务不会直接提高学业成绩。使用北卡罗来纳州特许学校扩建的数据，我发现特许竞争对公立中学的学生成绩产生了负面影响，这与家庭影响力的增加和现有学校内教师赋权的减少密切相关。