The electrospray (ES) technique has proven to be an effective and a versatile approach for crafting drug delivery carriers with diverse dimensions, multiple layers, and varying morphologies. Achieving the desired particle properties necessitates careful optimization of various experimental parameters. This review delves into the most prevalent ES system configurations employed for this purpose, such as monoaxial, coaxial, triaxial, and multi-needle setups with solid or liquid collector. In addition, this work underscores the significance of ES in drug delivery carriers and its remarkable ability to encapsulate a wide spectrum of therapeutic agents, including drugs, nucleic acids, proteins, genes and cells. Depth examination of the critical parameters governing the ES process, including the choice of polymer, surface tension, voltage settings, needle size, flow rate, collector types, and the collector distance was conducted with highlighting on their implications on particle characteristics, encompassing morphology, size distribution, and drug encapsulation efficiency. These insights illuminate ES's adaptability in customizing drug delivery systems. To conclude, this review discusses ES process optimization strategies, advantages, limitations and future directions, providing valuable guidance for researchers and practitioners navigating the dynamic landscape of modern drug delivery systems.

中文翻译：

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多颗粒制备电喷雾技术的最新进展：药物输送应用

电喷雾（ES）技术已被证明是一种有效且通用的方法，可用于制作具有不同尺寸、多层和不同形态的药物输送载体。实现所需的颗粒特性需要仔细优化各种实验参数。本综述深入研究了用于此目的的最流行的 ES 系统配置，例如带有固体或液体收集器的单轴、同轴、三轴和多针装置。此外，这项工作强调了ES在药物递送载体中的重要性及其封装多种治疗剂（包括药物、核酸、蛋白质、基因和细胞）的卓越能力。对控制 ES 过程的关键参数进行了深入检查，包括聚合物的选择、表面张力、电压设置、针尺寸、流量、收集器类型和收集器距离，并强调它们对颗粒特征的影响，包括形态、尺寸分布和药物包封率。这些见解阐明了 ES 在定制药物输送系统方面的适应性。总之，本综述讨论了 ES 工艺优化策略、优势、局限性和未来方向，为研究人员和从业人员驾驭现代药物输送系统的动态景观提供了宝贵的指导。