Mozambique does not have a tradition of farming Coffea arabica or Coffea canephora, the two species that dominate the worldwide coffee market. However, native coffee plants have been growing spontaneously and in some cases cultivated in the Ibo and Quirimba islands in the north of the country and Inhambane province in the south. Historically there has been confusion over the precise taxonomic classification of these indigenous coffee plants, with different botanists identifying the species as C. racemosa, C. zanguebariae or various synonyms of both. The present research aims at clarifying the subject and provide new information on these little-described coffee species which may prove valuable as new breeding material for future cultivars, something that is sorely needed to face the present and future challenges of coffee production. Leaf samples were collected from 40 accessions from Ibo Island, Quirimba Island and Inhambane province. The samples were sequenced by whole-genome technology and WGS reads were filtered to identify relevant SNP variants. Diversity among the samples was assessed by PCA, and a phylogenetic tree including several Coffea species was built using additional data available in public databases. Experimental data confirm the presence of C. zanguebariae as the only coffee species present in both Ibo and Quirimba Islands, while it appears that C. racemosa is exclusive to the southern Inhambane province. The present research provides the most detailed analysis so far on the genetic identity of the traditional Mozambican coffee crops. This is the prerequisite for undertaking further scientific studies on these almost unknown coffee species and for starting agronomic development programs for the economic revival on Ibo and Quirimba islands based on coffee cultivation. Furthermore, these species could provide much-needed genetic material for the breeding of new hybrids with the two main commercial coffee species.

中文翻译：

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来自伊博岛和基林巴岛的莫桑比克咖啡品种：鉴定和地理分布

莫桑比克没有种植阿拉比卡咖啡或卡内弗拉咖啡的传统，这两种咖啡在全球咖啡市场上占据主导地位。然而，本土咖啡树一直在自然生长，在某些情况下，在该国北部的伊博岛和基林巴岛以及南部的伊尼扬巴内省种植。历史上，这些本土咖啡植物的精确分类学分类一直存在混乱，不同的植物学家将这些物种识别为 C. racemosa、C. zanguebariae 或两者的各种同义词。目前的研究旨在澄清这一主题并提供有关这些鲜有描述的咖啡品种的新信息，这些信息可能被证明作为未来栽培品种的新育种材料很有价值，这是面对咖啡生产当前和未来挑战所迫切需要的。叶子样品是从伊博岛、基林巴岛和伊尼扬巴内省的 40 个品种中采集的。通过全基因组技术对样本进行测序，并过滤 WGS 读数以识别相关的 SNP 变异。通过主成分分析 (PCA) 评估了样本之间的多样性，并使用公共数据库中提供的其他数据构建了包括多个咖啡品种的系统发育树。实验数据证实 C. zanguebariae 是伊博岛和基林巴群岛唯一存在的咖啡品种，而 C.racemosa 似乎是伊尼扬巴内省南部独有的。目前的研究提供了迄今为止对传统莫桑比克咖啡作物的遗传特性最详细的分析。这是对这些几乎未知的咖啡品种进行进一步科学研究的先决条件，也是启动以咖啡种植为基础的伊博岛和基林巴岛经济复兴农业发展计划的先决条件。此外，这些物种可以为培育与两种主要商业咖啡物种的新杂交种提供急需的遗传物质。