Plant diseases are a major threat affecting the sustainability of global agriculture. Although the breeding of new resistant cultivars is considered to be the primary approach to prevent and control plant diseases, it is dependent on an in-depth understanding of plant–pathogen interactions. At present, we have an in-depth understanding of the interactions between model plants and pathogens, such as Arabidopsis thaliana and rice, but we are still in the beginning stage for more non-model plants (e.g., medicinal plants). Panax notoginseng is the primary source of the high-value active ingredient triterpenoid saponins. Root rot disease in P. notoginseng has attracted research attention because of its high destructiveness. Understanding the infection stages and strategies of pathogens, plant resistance mechanisms and induced plant defence against pathogens is essential to support agricultural sustainable development of P. notoginseng. Here, we review and summarize, with root rot of P. notoginseng as a model, the current knowledge of plant–pathogen interaction, and feasability of use of microorganisms and secondary metabolites as sources of biological control agents at a low cost. Finally, we also discuss the importance of plant–pathogen interactions in resistance breeding, thereby providing a new strategy to develop green agriculture for non-model plants.

中文翻译：

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以三七根腐病为模型的植物-病原体相互作用：深入了解病原体发病机制、植物防御反应和生物防治

植物病害是影响全球农业可持续性的主要威胁。尽管培育新的抗性品种被认为是预防和控制植物病害的主要方法，但这取决于对植物与病原体相互作用的深入了解。目前，我们对模式植物与病原体（如拟南芥和水稻）之间的相互作用有了深入的了解，但对于更多的非模式植物（如药用植物）仍处于起步阶段。三七是高价值活性成分三萜皂苷的主要来源。三七根腐病因其破坏性大而引起研究关注。了解病原体的侵染阶段和策略、植物抗性机制以及诱导植物防御病原体对于支持三七农业可持续发展至关重要。在此，我们以三七根腐病为模型，回顾和总结了植物与病原菌相互作用的最新知识，以及利用微生物和次生代谢产物作为低成本生物防治剂来源的可行性。最后，我们还讨论了植物与病原体相互作用在抗性育种中的重要性，从而为非模式植物发展绿色农业提供了新策略。