Multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune central nervous system disease responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, remains imperfectly understood and treated clinically. Recent advances in treating MS have come in the form of new immunomodulatory agents. Of these, anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have exhibited particular promise in treating relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), the early stage of the disease where the adaptive immune system facilitates an autoimmune attack against myelin. The depletion of CD20 positive B cells in patients with RRMS has been associated with decreased symptoms, disease progression, and lesions on MRI, as well as a more favorable side effect profile relative to other immunomodulatory therapies for MS. Of the anti-CD20 mAbs available for use in MS, one of the newest is ofatumumab, a fully human anti-CD20 IgG1κ, sold under the trade name Kesimpta. The present investigation reviews the efficacy and safety of ofatumumab for MS, highlighting the role that B cells play in the initial inflammatory stage of MS and their depletion in decreasing clinical symptoms, T2-enhancing MRI lesions, and progression to the immune-independent phase of MS.

多发性硬化症 (MS) 是一种自身免疫性中枢神经系统疾病，在全世界范围内造成显着的发病率和死亡率，但临床上对它的了解和治疗仍然不完善。治疗多发性硬化症的最新进展以新型免疫调节剂的形式出现。其中，抗 CD20 单克隆抗体 (mAb) 在治疗复发缓解型多发性硬化症 (RRMS) 方面表现出特别的前景，在该疾病的早期阶段，适应性免疫系统促进针对髓鞘质的自身免疫攻击。 RRMS 患者 CD20 阳性 B 细胞的消耗与症状减轻、疾病进展和 MRI 损伤有关，并且相对于 MS 的其他免疫调节疗法更有利的副作用。在可用于多发性硬化症的抗 CD20 mAb 中，最新的一种是 ofatumumab，一种全人源抗 CD20 IgG1κ，以商品名 Kesimpta 出售。本研究回顾了奥法木单抗治疗多发性硬化症的疗效和安全性，强调了 B 细胞在多发性硬化症初始炎症阶段所起的作用，以及 B 细胞的消耗在减少临床症状、T2 增强 MRI 病变以及进展到免疫独立阶段方面的作用。多发性硬化症。