This study aims to simulate pulsatile blood flow in the carotid artery with different stenosis severities and pulse rates. The effects of different severities of stenosis, pulse rates, and arterial wall properties on the surrounding fluid are investigated by using fluid-structure interaction (FSI) and arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) methods. Carreau-Yasuda non-Newtonian and modified Mooney-Rivin hyperelastic models are applied for blood with non-Newtonian behavior and hyperelastic blood vessel’s wall, respectively. Results are presented in terms of wall radial displacement, pressure distribution, the axial velocity profile, and wall shear stress for blood. By increasing the stenosis severities, there would be a change in several parameters. Axial velocity, variation of blood pressure, the maximum wall shear stress, and wall radial displacement experience a growth. Furthermore, when the pulse rate grows in the stenosis severity of 75%, the maximum flow rate moments, maximum values for wall radial displacement, pressure, axial velocity, and wall shear stress increase as well. Using a hyperelastic model for the arterial wall, as opposed to elastic and rigid models, and treating the surrounding fluid as non-Newtonian and unsteady, allows us to achieve a more realistic simulation. In the stenosis having up to 50% of severity, red blood cells are under the enforcement of insignificant damage, while hemolysis is observed in the severe stenosis of 75%. By improving atherosclerosis, which leads to the development of elastic modulus from 500 kPa to 2 MPa, the 65% growth of the maximum value of shear stress at 60 bpm pulse rate and in the stenosis with 75% severity has been noticed. It can be demonstrated that hyperelastic models of the arterial walls lead to lower axial velocity, lower blood pressure, lower shear stress, and higher radial displacement, as opposed to rigid and elastic arterial walls.

本研究旨在模拟不同狭窄程度和脉搏速率的颈动脉中的脉动血流。通过使用流固耦合 (FSI) 和任意拉格朗日-欧拉 (ALE) 方法研究不同严重程度的狭窄、脉率和动脉壁特性对周围流体的影响。 Carreau-Yasuda 非牛顿模型和改进的 Mooney-Rivin 超弹性模型分别应用于具有非牛顿行为的血液和超弹性血管壁。结果以血液的壁径向位移、压力分布、轴向速度分布和壁剪切应力的形式呈现。通过增加狭窄严重程度，几个参数将会发生变化。轴向速度、血压变化、最大壁面剪应力和壁面径向位移经历增长。此外，当狭窄严重程度达到 75% 时脉搏率增加，最大流速力矩、壁径向位移、压力、轴向速度和壁剪切应力的最大值也会增加。与弹性和刚性模型相反，对动脉壁使用超弹性模型，并将周围流体视为非牛顿和不稳定流体，使我们能够实现更真实的模拟。在严重程度高达50%的狭窄中，红细胞受到轻微损伤，而在75%的严重狭窄中观察到溶血。通过改善动脉粥样硬化，导致弹性模量从 500 kPa 发展到 2 MPa，在 60 bpm 脉搏频率和严重程度为 75% 的狭窄中，剪切应力最大值增长了 65%。可以证明，与刚性和弹性动脉壁相比，动脉壁的超弹性模型导致较低的轴向速度、较低的血压、较低的剪切应力和较高的径向位移。