Orbital pathologies can be broadly classified as ocular, extra-ocular soft-tissue (non-neoplastic and neoplastic), osseous, and traumatic. In part 1 of this orbital series, the authors will discuss the differential diagnosis and key imaging features of pediatric ocular pathologies. These include congenital and developmental lesions (microphthalmos, anophthalmos, persistent fetal vasculature, coloboma, morning glory disc anomaly, retinopathy of prematurity, Coats disease), optic disc drusen, infective and inflammatory lesions (uveitis, toxocariasis, toxoplasmosis), and ocular neoplasms (retinoblastoma, retinal hamartoma, choroidal melanoma, choroidal nevus). This pictorial review provides a practical approach to the imaging work-up of these anomalies with a focus on ocular US as the first imaging modality and additional use of CT and/or MRI for the evaluation of intracranial abnormalities. The characteristic imaging features of the non-neoplastic mimics of retinoblastoma, such as persistent fetal vasculature and Coats disease, are also highlighted.

Graphical Abstract

中文翻译：

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小儿眼眶病变：眼部病变

眼眶病变可大致分为眼部、眼外软组织（非肿瘤性和肿瘤性）、骨性和外伤性。在本眼眶系列的第 1 部分中，作者将讨论儿科眼部病理的鉴别诊断和关键影像学特征。这些包括先天性和发育性病变（小眼球、无眼球、持续性胎儿脉管系统、缺损、牵牛花视盘异常、早产儿视网膜病、Coats 病）、视盘玻璃膜疣、感染性和炎症性病变（葡萄膜炎、弓蛔虫病、弓形体病）和眼部肿瘤（视网膜母细胞瘤、视网膜错构瘤、脉络膜黑色素瘤、脉络膜痣）。本图片回顾为这些异常的成像检查提供了一种实用方法，重点关注眼部超声作为第一种成像方式，并额外使用 CT 和/或 MRI 来评估颅内异常。视网膜母细胞瘤的非肿瘤性模仿的特征性影像学特征，例如持续性胎儿脉管系统和 Coats 病，也得到了强调。

图形概要