In rapid manual aiming, traditional wisdom would have it that two components manifest from feedback-based processes, where error accumulated within the primary submovement can be corrected within the secondary submovement courtesy of online sensory feedback. In some aiming contexts, there are more type 1 submovements (overshooting) compared to types 2 and 3 submovements (undershooting), particularly for more rapid movements. These particular submovements have also been attributed to a mechanical artefact involving movement termination and stabilisation. Hence, the goal of our study was to more closely examine the function of type 1 submovements by revisiting some of our previous datasets. We categorised these submovements according to whether the secondary submovement moved the limb closer (functional), or not (non-functional), to the target. Overall, there were both functional and non-functional submovements with a significantly higher proportion for the former. The displacement at the primary and secondary submovements, and negative velocity peak were significantly greater in the functional compared to non-functional. The influence of submovement type on other movement characteristics, including movement time, was somewhat less clear. These findings indicate that the majority of type 1 submovements are related to intended feedforward- and/or feedback-based processes, although there are a portion that can be attributed an indirect manifestation of a mechanical artefact. As a result, we suggest that submovements should be further categorised by their error-reducing function.

在快速手动瞄准中，传统观点认为，基于反馈的过程有两个组成部分，其中主要子运动中积累的错误可以在在线感官反馈的辅助子运动中得到纠正。在某些瞄准环境中，与类型 2 和 3 子运动（下射）相比，存在更多类型 1 子运动（过冲），特别是对于更快速的运动。这些特定的子运动也被归因于涉及运动终止和稳定的机械制品。因此，我们研究的目标是通过重新访问我们之前的一些数据集来更仔细地检查 1 型子运动的功能。我们根据次要子运动是否使肢体更接近目标（功能性）或不（非功能性）对目标进行分类。总体而言，存在功能性子运动和非功能性子运动，其中前者所占比例明显更高。与非功能性相比，功能性的主要和次要子运动的位移以及负速度峰值显着更大。子运动类型对其他运动特征（包括运动时间）的影响不太清楚。这些发现表明，大多数 1 型子运动与预期的基于前馈和/或反馈的过程有关，尽管有一部分可以归因于机械制品的间接表现。因此，我们建议子运动应根据其减少误差的功能进一步分类。