In Germany, emissions from drained organic soils contributed approximately 53.7 Mio. t of carbon dioxide equivalents (CO₂-eq) to the total national greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 2021. In addition to restoration measures, shifting management practices, rewetting, or using peatlands for paludiculture is expected to significantly reduce GHG emissions. The effects of climate change on these mitigation measures remains to be tested. In a 2017 experimental field study on agriculturally used grassland on organic soil, we assessed the effects of rewetting and of predicted climate warming on intensive grassland and on extensively managed sedge grassland (transplanted Carex acutiformis monoliths). The testing conditions of the two grassland types included drained versus rewetted conditions (annual mean water table of − 0.13 m below soil surface), ambient versus warming conditions (annual mean air temperature increase of + 0.8 to 1.3 °C; use of open top chambers), and the combination of rewetting and warming. We measured net ecosystem exchange of CO₂, methane and nitrous oxide using the closed dynamic and static chamber method. Here, we report the results on the initial year of GHG measurements after transplanting adult Carex soil monoliths, including the controlled increase in water level and temperature. We observed higher N₂O emissions than anticipated in all treatments. This was especially unexpected for the rewetted intensive grasslands and the Carex treatments, but largely attributable to the onset of rewetting coinciding with freeze–thaw cycles. However, this does not affect the overall outcomes on mitigation and adaptation trends. We found that warmer conditions increased total GHG emissions of the drained intensive grassland system from 48.4 to 66.9 t CO₂-eq ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. The shift in grassland management towards Carex paludiculture resulted in the largest GHG reduction, producing a net cooling effect with an uptake of 11.1 t CO₂-eq ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. Surprisingly, we found that this strong sink could be maintained under the simulated warming conditions ensuing an emission reduction potential of − 80 t CO₂-eq ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. We emphasize that the results reflect a single initial measurement year and do not imply the permanence of the observed GHG sink function over time. Our findings affirm that rewetted peatlands with adapted plant species could sustain GHG mitigation and potentially promote ecosystem resilience, even under climate warming. In a warmer world, adaptation measures for organic soils should therefore include a change in management towards paludiculture. Multi-year studies are needed to support the findings of our one-year experiment. In general, the timing of rewetting should be considered carefully in mitigation measures.

在德国，排水有机土壤的排放量约为 53.7 Mio。到 2021 年，二氧化碳当量 (CO ₂ -eq) 占全国温室气体 (GHG) 排放总量的比例。除了恢复措施外，转变管理做法、重新湿润或使用泥炭地进行沼泽养殖预计将显着减少温室气体排放。气候变化对这些缓解措施的影响仍有待检验。在 2017 年对有机土壤上的农业用草地进行的一项实验田间研究中，我们评估了再湿润和预测气候变暖对集约化草地和粗放管理的莎草草地（移植的尖状苔草）的影响。两种草地类型的测试条件包括排水与再湿润条件（年平均地下水位低于土壤表面 - 0.13 m）、环境与变暖条件（年平均气温增加 + 0.8 至 1.3 °C；使用顶部开放室） ），以及再润湿和加温的结合。我们使用封闭动态和静态室方法测量了CO ₂、甲烷和一氧化二氮的生态系统净交换。在这里，我们报告了移植成年苔草土块后第一年的温室气体测量结果，包括水位和温度的受控增加。我们观察到所有处理中的 N ₂ O 排放量均高于预期。对于再润湿的密集草原和苔草处理来说，这是特别出乎意料的，但很大程度上归因于再润湿的开始与冻融循环同时发生。然而，这并不影响缓解和适应趋势的总体结果。我们发现，温暖的条件使排水集约化草地系统的温室气体排放总量从 48.4 吨 CO ₂ -eq ha ^-1年-1 增加到 66.9 吨 CO 2 -eq ha -1 年^-1。草原管理向苔草荒耕的转变导致最大程度的温室气体减排，产生净降温效应，吸收量为 11.1 吨 CO ₂ -eq ha ^-1 年^-1。令人惊讶的是，我们发现在模拟变暖条件下可以维持这种强大的汇，从而实现减排潜力 - 80 t CO ₂ -eq ha ^-1 年^-1。我们强调，结果反映的是单个初始测量年，并不意味着观察到的温室气体汇函数随时间的持久性。我们的研究结果证实，即使在气候变暖的情况下，具有适应植物物种的再湿润泥炭地也可以维持温室气体减排，并有可能促进生态系统的恢复力。因此，在气候变暖的世界中，有机土壤的适应措施应包括改变沼泽耕作的管理方式。需要多年的研究来支持我们一年实验的结果。一般来说，在缓解措施中应仔细考虑再润湿的时机。