Abstract

The INMIO-CICE hydrodynamic model of the Caspian Sea was used to calculate equilibrium river runoff and evaporation from the sea surface over a wide range of sea levels (from –85 to +50 m a.s.l.) for different climatic conditions: the Last Glacial Maximum (about 21 ka BP) and the pre-industrial climate (~1850). Data from the INMCM4.8 climate model were used as boundary conditions. It was found out that a river runoff of about 400 km³/yr was required in the Last Glacial Maximum to maintain the sea level at 35–50 m a.s.l. corresponding to the maximum values of the Khvalynian transgression. In the Last Glacial Maximum, evaporation from the sea surface decreased by 105–175 mm (12–22%), and a precipitation layer, according to the INMCM4.8 model, decreased by 50–70 mm (15–30%). These conditions caused the equilibrium runoff to decrease by about 10–20% compared to the pre-industrial conditions. Smaller absolute and relative changes corresponded to lower sea levels. The maximum evaporation decrease occurred at 5 m a.s.l.

中文翻译：

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基于INMIO-CICE海洋环流模型实验的末次盛冰期和工业化前条件下里海水平衡

摘要

里海的 INMIO-CICE 水动力模型用于计算不同气候条件下各种海平面（–85 至 +50 m asl）的平衡河流径流和海面蒸发：末次盛冰期（大约21 ka BP）和前工业化气候（~1850）。来自INMCM4.8气候模型的数据被用作边界条件。结果发现，在末次盛冰期，每年需要约 400 km ^{3 的}河流径流才能将海平面维持在 35-50 m asl，对应于赫瓦林期海侵的最大值。在末次盛冰期，海面蒸发量减少了 105–175 毫米（12–22%），根据 INMCM4.8 模型，降水层减少了 50–70 毫米（15–30%）。这些条件导致平衡径流比工业化前条件减少约 10-20%。较小的绝对和相对变化对应于较低的海平面。最大蒸发量减少发生在 5 m asl 处