Instrumented impact testing and compression-after-impact testing are important to adequately qualify material behavior and safely design composite structures. However, the stresses to which fiber-reinforced plastic components are typically subjected in practice are not considered in the impact test methods recommended in guidelines or standards. In this paper, a test setup for investigating the impact behavior of composite specimens under plane uniaxial and biaxial preloading is presented. For this purpose, a special test setup consisting of a biaxial testing machine and a specially designed drop-weight tower was developed. The design decisions were derived from existing guidelines and standards with the aim of inducing barely visible impact damage in laminated carbon fiber-reinforced plastic specimens. Several measurement systems have been integrated into the setup to allow comprehensive observation of the impact event and specimen behavior. A feasibility test was performed with biaxially prestressed carbon fiber-reinforced plastic specimens in comparison with unstressed reference tests. The compressive-tensile prestressing resulted in lower maximum contact forces, higher maximum deflections, higher residual deflections and a different damage pattern, which was investigated by light microscopic analysis. Finally, the functionality of the experimental setup is discussed, and the results seem to indicate that the test setup and parameters were properly chosen to investigate the effect of prestresses on the impacts behavior of composite structures, in particular for barely visible subsequent damages.

仪器化冲击测试和冲击后压缩测试对于充分鉴定材料行为和安全设计复合材料结构非常重要。然而，指南或标准中推荐的冲击测试方法并未考虑纤维增强塑料部件在实践中通常承受的应力。本文提出了一种用于研究复合材料试样在平面单轴和双轴预载下冲击行为的测试装置。为此，开发了一种特殊的测试装置，包括双轴测试机和专门设计的落锤塔。设计决策源自现有的指南和标准，目的是在层压碳纤维增强塑料样本中产生几乎不可见的冲击损坏。该装置中集成了多个测量系统，以便全面观察撞击事件和样本行为。使用双向预应力碳纤维增强塑料样本进行了可行性测试，并与无应力参考测试进行了比较。压拉预应力导致较低的最大接触力、较高的最大挠度、较高的残余挠度和不同的损伤模式，这通过光学显微镜分析进行了研究。最后，讨论了实验装置的功能，结果似乎表明适当选择了测试装置和参数来研究预应力对复合材料结构冲击行为的影响，特别是对于几乎不可见的后续损伤。