Citizen science allows the public to participate in various stages of scientific research, including study design, data acquisition, and data analysis. Citizen science has a long history in several fields of the natural sciences, and with recent developments in wearable technology, neuroscience has also become more accessible to citizen scientists. This development was largely driven by the influx of minimal sensing systems in the consumer market, allowing more do-it-yourself (DIY) and quantified-self (QS) investigations of the human brain. While most subfields of neuroscience require sophisticated monitoring devices and laboratories, the study of sleep characteristics can be performed at home with relevant noninvasive consumer devices. The strong influence of sleep quality on waking life and the accessibility of devices to measure sleep are two primary reasons citizen scientists have widely embraced sleep research. Their involvement has evolved from solely contributing to data collection to engaging in more collaborative or autonomous approaches, such as instigating ideas, formulating research inquiries, designing research protocols and methodology, acting upon their findings, and disseminating results. In this article, we introduce the emerging field of citizen neuroscience, illustrating examples of such projects in sleep research. We then provide overviews of the wearable technologies for tracking human neurophysiology and various open-source software used to analyse them. Finally, we discuss the opportunities and challenges in citizen neuroscience projects and suggest how to improve the study of the human brain outside the laboratory.

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公民神经科学：可穿戴技术和开放软件在自然栖息地研究人脑

公民科学允许公众参与科学研究的各个阶段，包括研究设计、数据获取和数据分析。公民科学在自然科学的多个领域有着悠久的历史，随着可穿戴技术的最新发展，神经科学也变得更容易为公民科​​学家所接受。这一发展很大程度上是由消费市场中最小传感系统的涌入推动的，这使得人们可以对人脑进行更多的DIY和量化自我研究。虽然神经科学的大多数子领域都需要复杂的监测设备和实验室，但睡眠特征的研究可以在家中使用相关的非侵入性消费设备进行。睡眠质量对清醒生活的强烈影响以及测量睡眠的设备的可及性是公民科学家广泛接受睡眠研究的两个主要原因。他们的参与已经从仅仅参与数据收集发展到参与更具协作性或自主性的方法，例如激发想法、制定研究调查、设计研究方案和方法、根据他们的发现采取行动以及传播结果。在本文中，我们介绍了公民神经科学的新兴领域，并举例说明了睡眠研究中此类项目的例子。然后，我们概述了用于跟踪人类神经生理学的可穿戴技术以及用于分析它们的各种开源软件。最后，我们讨论了公民神经科学项目的机遇和挑战，并建议如何改进实验室外的人脑研究。