Haemoglobin (Hb) variants such as sickle cell trait (SCT/HbAS) play a role in protecting against clinical malaria, but little is known about the development of immune responses against malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum surface protein 230 (Pfs230) and Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte binding antigen 175 region-3 (PfEBA175-3R)) and vector (on the An. gambiae Salivary Gland Protein-6 peptide 1 (gSG6-P1)) antigens in individuals with variants Hb genotypes. This study assessed antibody (IgG) responses against malaria parasite, Pfs230 and PfEBA175-3R and vector, gSG6-P1 in febrile individuals with variant Hb genotypes. The study was conducted on symptomatic malaria patients attending various healthcare facilities throughout Ghana. Microscopy and ELISA were used to determine the natural IgG antibody levels of gSG6-P1, PfEBA175-3R & Pfs230, and Capillarys 2 Flex Piercing was used for Hb variants determination. Of the 600 symptomatic malaria patients, 50.0% of the participants had malaria parasites by microscopy. The majority 79.0% (398/504) of the participants had Hb AA, followed by HbAS variant at 11.3% (57/504) and HbAC 6.7% (34/504). There were significantly (p < 0.0001) reduced levels of gSG6-P1 IgG in individuals with both HbAC and HbAS genotypes compared to the HbAA genotype. The levels of gSG6-P1 IgG were significantly (p < 0.0001) higher in HbAS compared to HbAC. Similarly, Pfs230 IgG and PfEBA-175-3R IgG distributions observed across the haemoglobin variants were significantly higher in HbAC relative to HbAS. The study has shown that haemoglobin variants significantly influence the pattern of anti-gSG6-P1, Pfs230, and PfEBA-175 IgG levels in malaria-endemic population. The HbAS genotype is suggested to confer protection against malaria infection. Reduced exposure to infection ultimately reduces the induction of antibodies targeted against P. falciparum antigens.

中文翻译：

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加纳血红蛋白基因型变异的有症状疟疾患者对恶性疟原虫抗体的免疫反应

镰状细胞性状 (SCT/HbAS) 等血红蛋白 (Hb) 变异在预防临床疟疾方面发挥着重要作用，但人们对针对疟原虫（恶性疟原虫表面蛋白 230 (Pfs230) 和恶性疟原虫红细胞）的免疫反应的发展知之甚少。 Hb 基因型变异个体中的结合抗原 175 区域 3 (PfEBA175-3R)）和载体（冈比亚按蚊唾液腺蛋白 6 肽 1 (gSG6-P1)）抗原。本研究评估了具有变异 Hb 基因型的发热个体针对疟疾寄生虫 Pfs230 和 PfEBA175-3R 以及载体 gSG6-P1 的抗体 (IgG) 反应。该研究针对在加纳各地各个医疗机构就诊的有症状的疟疾患者进行。使用显微镜和 ELISA 测定 gSG6-P1、PfEBA175-3R 和 Pfs230 的天然 IgG 抗体水平，并使用 Capillarys 2 Flex Piercing 测定 Hb 变异体。在 600 名有症状的疟疾患者中，50.0% 的参与者经显微镜检查发现有疟疾寄生虫。大多数 79.0% (398/504) 的参与者患有 Hb AA，其次是 HbAS 变异（11.3% (57/504)）和 HbAC 6.7% (34/504)。与 HbAA 基因型相比，同时具有 HbAC 和 HbAS 基因型的个体的 gSG6-P1 IgG 水平显着降低 (p < 0.0001)。与 HbAC 相比，HbAS 中的 gSG6-P1 IgG 水平显着较高 (p < 0.0001)。同样，在 HbAC 中观察到的血红蛋白变体中的 Pfs230 IgG 和 PfEBA-175-3R IgG 分布明显高于 HbAS。研究表明，血红蛋白变异显着影响疟疾流行人群中抗 gSG6-P1、Pfs230 和 PfEBA-175 IgG 水平的模式。 HbAS 基因型被认为可以提供针对疟疾感染的保护作用。减少感染暴露最终会减少针对恶性疟原虫抗原的抗体的诱导。