Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a disease characterized by insidious clinical manifestations and challenging to diagnose. Patients are usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and miss the opportunity for radical surgery. Therefore, effective palliative therapy is the main treatment approach for unresectable CCA. Current common palliative treatments include biliary drainage, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. However, these treatments only offer limited improvement in quality of life and survival. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a novel local treatment method that is considered a safe tumor ablation method for numerous cancers. It has shown good efficacy in various studies of CCA and is expected to become an important treatment for CCA. In the present study, the mechanisms of PDT in the treatment of CCA were systematically explored and the progress in the research of photosensitizers was discussed. The current study focused on the various PDT protocols and their therapeutic effects in CCA, with the objective of providing a new horizon for future research and clinical applications of PDT in the treatment of CCA.

中文翻译：

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光动力疗法在胆管癌中的研究及应用进展（综述）。

胆管癌（CCA）是一种临床表现隐匿、诊断困难的疾病。患者通常在确诊时已是晚期，错过了根治性手术的机会。因此，有效的姑息治疗是不可切除CCA的主要治疗方法。目前常见的姑息治疗包括胆道引流、化疗、放疗、靶向治疗和免疫治疗。然而，这些治疗只能有限地改善生活质量和生存率。光动力疗法（PDT）是一种新颖的局部治疗方法，被认为是治疗多种癌症的安全肿瘤消融方法。它在CCA的多项研究中显示出良好的疗效，有望成为CCA的重要治疗方法。本研究系统探讨了PDT治疗CCA的机制，并讨论了光敏剂的研究进展。本研究主要针对CCA的各种PDT方案及其治疗效果进行研究，旨在为未来PDT治疗CCA的研究和临床应用提供新的视野。