. This article traces the origin of various charts and tables delineating the stages of alcohol influence in relation to the clinical signs and symptoms of drunkenness and a person’s blood-alcohol concentration (BAC). In forensic science and legal medicine, the most widely used such table was created by Professor Kurt M. Dubowski (University of Oklahoma). The first version of the Dubowski alcohol table was published in 1957, and minor modifications appeared in various articles and book chapters until the final version was published in 2012. Seven stages of alcohol influence were identified including subclinical (sobriety), euphoria, excitement, confusion, stupor, alcoholic coma, and death. The BAC causing death was initially reported as 0.45+ g%, although the latest version cited a mean and median BAC of 0.36 g% with 90% range from 0.21 g% to 0.50 g%. An important feature of the Dubowski alcohol table was the overlapping ranges of BAC for each stages of alcohol influence. This was done to reflect physiological variations in the effects of alcohol on the nervous system between different individuals. Information gleaned from the Dubowski table is not intended to apply to any specific individual, but more generally for a population of social drinkers, not regular heavy drinkers or alcoholics. Under real world conditions, much will depend on a person’s age, race, gender, pattern of drinking, habituation to alcohol, and the development of central nervous tolerance. The impairment effects of ethanol also depend to some extent on whether observations are made on the rising or declining phase of the blood-alcohol curve (Mellanby effect). There will always be some individuals who don’t exhibit the expected behavioral impairment effects of ethanol, such as regular heavy drinkers and those suffering from an alcohol use disorder.

中文翻译：

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杜博斯基的酒精影响阶段以及醉酒的临床体征和症状与人血液酒精浓度的关系 – 历史背景

。本文追溯了各种图表的起源，这些图表和表格描述了酒精影响的阶段与醉酒的临床体征和症状以及人的血液酒精浓度 (BAC) 之间的关系。在法医学和法律医学中，使用最广泛的此类表格是由 Kurt M. Dubowski 教授（俄克拉荷马大学）创建的。杜博斯基酒精表的第一版于 1957 年出版，各种文章和书籍章节中出现了细微修改，直到 2012 年最终版本出版。确定了酒精影响的七个阶段，包括亚临床（清醒）、欣快、兴奋、困惑、昏迷、酒精昏迷和死亡。最初报道的导致死亡的 BAC 为 0.45+ g%，但最新版本引用的 BAC 平均值和中位数为 0.36 g%，其中 90% 的范围为 0.21 g% 至 0.50 g%。 Dubowski 酒精表的一个重要特征是酒精影响每个阶段的 BAC 范围重叠。这样做是为了反映酒精对不同个体之间神经系统影响的生理差异。从杜博夫斯基表中收集的信息并不适用于任何特定个人，而是更广泛地适用于社交饮酒者群体，而不是经常酗酒者或酗酒者。在现实世界条件下，很大程度上取决于一个人的年龄、种族、性别、饮酒方式、对酒精的习惯以及中枢神经耐受性的发展。乙醇的损害作用在某种程度上还取决于是否对血液-酒精曲线的上升阶段或下降阶段进行观察（梅兰比效应）。总会有一些人没有表现出乙醇预期的行为损害作用，例如经常酗酒的人和患有酒精使用障碍的人。