Impaired social cognition is a core deficit in frontotemporal dementia (FTD). It is most commonly associated with the behavioural-variant of FTD, with atrophy of the orbitofrontal and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Social cognitive changes are also common in semantic dementia, with atrophy centred on the anterior temporal lobes. The impairment of social behaviour in FTD has typically been attributed to damage to the orbitofrontal cortex and/or temporal poles and/or the uncinate fasciculus that connects them. However, the relative contributions of each region are unresolved. In this Review, we present a unified neurocognitive model of controlled social behaviour that not only explains the observed impairment of social behaviours in FTD, but also assimilates both consistent and potentially contradictory findings from other patient groups, comparative neurology and normative cognitive neuroscience. We propose that impaired social behaviour results from damage to two cognitively- and anatomically-distinct components. The first component is social-semantic knowledge, a part of the general semantic-conceptual system supported by the anterior temporal lobes bilaterally. The second component is social control, supported by the orbitofrontal cortex, medial frontal cortex and ventrolateral frontal cortex, which interacts with social-semantic knowledge to guide and shape social behaviour.

中文翻译：

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额颞叶痴呆社会行为受损的神经解剖学和认知模型

社会认知受损是额颞叶痴呆（FTD）的核心缺陷。它最常与 FTD 行为变异相关，即眶额叶和腹内侧前额叶皮质萎缩。社会认知变化在语义性痴呆中也很常见，萎缩集中在前颞叶。 FTD 中社会行为的损害通常归因于眶额皮质和/或颞极和/或连接它们的钩束的损伤。然而，每个地区的相对贡献尚未确定。在这篇综述中，我们提出了一种受控社会行为的统一神经认知模型，该模型不仅解释了观察到的 FTD 社会行为损伤，而且吸收了其他患者群体、比较神经学和规范认知神经科学的一致和潜在矛盾的发现。我们认为，社会行为受损是由于认知和解剖学上两个不同组成部分的损害造成的。第一个组成部分是社会语义知识，是由双侧前颞叶支持的一般语义概念系统的一部分。第二个组成部分是社会控制，由眶额皮层、内侧额叶皮层和腹外侧额叶皮层支持，与社会语义知识相互作用以指导和塑造社会行为。