Progress in mechanobiology allowed us to better understand the important role of mechanical forces in the regulation of biological processes. Space research in the field of life sciences clearly showed that gravity plays a crucial role in biological processes. The space environment offers the unique opportunity to carry out experiments without gravity, helping us not only to understand the effects of gravitational alterations on biological systems but also the mechanisms underlying mechanoperception and cell/tissue response to mechanical and gravitational stresses. Despite the progress made so far, for future space exploration programs it is necessary to increase our knowledge on the mechanotransduction processes as well as on the molecular mechanisms underlying microgravity-induced cell and tissue alterations. This white paper reports the suggestions and recommendations of the SciSpacE Science Community for the elaboration of the section of the European Space Agency roadmap “Biology in Space and Analogue Environments” focusing on “How are cells and tissues influenced by gravity and what are the gravity perception mechanisms?” The knowledge gaps that prevent the Science Community from fully answering this question and the activities proposed to fill them are discussed.

机械生物学的进步使我们能够更好地理解机械力在生物过程调节中的重要作用。生命科学领域的空间研究清楚地表明，重力在生物过程中起着至关重要的作用。太空环境提供了进行无重力实验的独特机会，不仅帮助我们了解重力变化对生物系统的影响，还帮助我们了解机械感知和细胞/组织对机械和重力应力的反应的机制。尽管迄今为止取得了进展，但对于未来的太空探索计划，有必要增加我们对机械传导过程以及微重力诱导的细胞和组织改变的分子机制的了解。本白皮书报告了 SciSpace 科学界对欧洲航天局路线图“太空和模拟环境中的生物学”部分的详细阐述的建议和建议，重点是“细胞和组织如何受重力影响以及重力感知是什么”机制？”讨论了阻碍科学界充分回答这个问题的知识差距以及为填补这些知识差距而提出的活动。