Worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths. p21, inhibin, and Tob-1 are tumor suppressors that play a role in the development and progression of several cancers, however, their role in CRC is not well-established. This study aims to evaluate the expression of these proteins by immunohistochemistry and correlate their expression with the clinicopathological characteristics of CRCs and preneoplastic lesions [adenomas and ulcerative colitis] to study the potential for their use as targeted therapies. The study was performed on sections of 30 CRCs, 30 adenomas, 30 UC, 30 chronic colitis, and 20 controls. p21 expression was lower in CRCs and adenomas compared to inflammatory lesions (chronic colitis and UC). High-grade CRCs, adenomas with high-grade dysplasia, and UC with dysplasia showed insignificantly lower expression compared to their counterparts. Inhibin expression was absent in CRCs; however, its expression was higher in chronic colitis than in UC and adenomas. Adenomas with high-grade dysplasia and UC with dysplasia showed insignificantly higher expression than their counterparts. Tob-1 expression increased significantly from chronic colitis to UC to adenomas to CRCs. High-grade CRCs, adenomas with high-grade dysplasia, and UC with dysplasia showed higher expression compared to their counterparts. Decreased p21 and increased inhibin and Tob-1 expressions are associated with the progression of adenomas and UC to more dysplastic lesions, then possibly to CRC. Despite being tumor suppressors, the studied proteins may potentially have tumor-promoting properties. They can be useful targets for therapeutic intervention.

中文翻译：

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p21、抑制素、Tob-1表达与结直肠良恶性病变临床病理特征的关系

在世界范围内，结直肠癌（CRC）是第三大常见癌症，也是癌症相关死亡的第二大常见原因。 p21、抑制素和 Tob-1 是肿瘤抑制因子，在多种癌症的发生和进展中发挥作用，但它们在 CRC 中的作用尚未明确。本研究旨在通过免疫组织化学评估这些蛋白的表达，并将其表达与 CRC 和癌前病变（腺瘤和溃疡性结肠炎）的临床病理学特征相关联，以研究它们作为靶向治疗的潜力。该研究对 30 个 CRC、30 个腺瘤、30 个 UC、30 个慢性结肠炎和 20 个对照进行了切片。与炎症病变（慢性结肠炎和 UC）相比，p21 在 CRC 和腺瘤中的表达较低。与对应的结直肠癌、具有高度不典型增生的腺瘤和具有不典型增生的溃疡性结肠炎相比，高级别CRC、具有不典型增生的腺瘤和UC表现出不显着的低表达。 CRC 中不存在抑制素表达；然而，其在慢性结肠炎中的表达高于UC和腺瘤中。具有高度不典型增生的腺瘤和具有不典型增生的UC表现出比其对应者无显着更高的表达。从慢性结肠炎到UC、腺瘤再到CRC，Tob-1表达显着增加。与对应的结直肠癌、高度不典型增生的腺瘤和不典型增生的UC相比，高级别CRC、具有高度不典型增生的腺瘤和UC表现出更高的表达。 p21 的减少以及抑制素和 Tob-1 表达的增加与腺瘤和 UC 发展为更多的发育不良病变，然后可能发展为 CRC 相关。尽管是肿瘤抑制因子，但所研究的蛋白质可能具有促进肿瘤的特性。它们可以成为治疗干预的有用目标。