Wound dressings developed by combining plant extracts with polymers have made a great progress in wound care treatment. One plant with remarkable healing properties is Phyllanthus emblica Linn (P. emblica), which is described as having potent antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study is to evaluate the biocompatibility of P. emblica-loaded polyvinyl alcohol/gelatin-based cryogels (PVA/Gel/P.emblica) through cytotoxicity and proliferation tests in HaCaT cells and examine their potential in wound dressing applications. Accordingly, PVA/Gel/P.emblica cryogels are successfully synthesized and characterization studies and in vitro cell culture studies are performed. The swelling tests and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis results show that swelling and surface area properties of cryogels increase with increasing P. emblica amounts. Morphological results display that the cryogels have a dense, interconnected pore morphology and a macroporous structure. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, trypan blue exclusion, and live–dead assay results reveal that P. emblica enhances cell proliferation, increases cell number, and improves cell viability. Based on the scanning electron microscope, immunofluorescence, and Giemsa staining images, it is observed that P. emblica promotes cell attachment, proliferation, and penetration. These findings confirm that PVA/Gel/P.emblica cryogels are suitable for use as wound dressing materials and can be developed with further studies.

中文翻译：

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用于改善伤口护理的余甘子冷冻凝胶：表征和体外研究

将植物提取物与聚合物相结合而开发的伤口敷料在伤口护理治疗方面取得了长足的进步。余甘子( P. emblica )是一种具有显着治疗功效的植物，据描述它具有有效的抗氧化、抗菌和抗炎特性。本研究的目的是通过 HaCaT 细胞的细胞毒性和增殖测试来评估负载余甘子的聚乙烯醇/明胶冷冻凝胶 (PVA/Gel/余甘子) 的生物相容性，并检查其在伤口敷料应用中的潜力。因此，成功合成了 PVA/Gel/余甘子冷冻凝胶，并进行了表征研究和体外细胞培养研究。溶胀测试和 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller 分析结果表明，冷冻凝胶的溶胀和表面积特性随着余甘子数量的增加而增加。形态学结果表明，冷冻凝胶具有致密、互连的孔隙形态和大孔结构。 3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基四唑溴化物、台盼蓝排除和活死实验结果表明余甘子可增强细胞增殖、增加细胞数量并提高细胞活力。根据扫描电镜、免疫荧光和吉姆萨染色图像，观察到余甘子促进细胞附着、增殖和渗透。这些发现证实 PVA/Gel/余甘子冷冻凝胶适合用作伤口敷料材料，并且可以通过进一步研究进行开发。