Despite the advancements in technology, establishing the optimal implantation technique for pediatric patients with a pacemaker (PM) indication remains challenging. Although the implantation of an epicardial PM is recommended, especially in children weighing less than 10 kg, transventricular placement of endocardial leads can be performed safely, offering a practical substitute for an epicardial pacing system, particularly in situations where a transvenous approach is unfeasible due to patient size, anatomical constraints or epicardial PM leads were not available as in our case.

中文翻译：

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婴儿期采用混合心内膜经室入路植入永久起搏器：可能是缺乏心外膜导线时的替代途径

尽管技术不断进步，但为具有起搏器 (PM) 适应症的儿科患者建立最佳植入技术仍然具有挑战性。尽管建议植入心外膜 PM，特别是对于体重小于 10 kg 的儿童，但经心室放置心内膜导线可以安全地进行，为心外膜起搏系统提供实用的替代品，特别是在由于以下原因而无法进行经静脉入路的情况下：在我们的案例中，患者体型、解剖结构限制或心外膜 PM 导联均不可用。