NSSI has recently been recognized as a significant health issue given its documented association with psychopathology and across a broad spectrum of psychiatric disorders. It has been found that individuals experiencing heightened emotions, which is referred to as an emotional cascade, are more likely to engage in self-injury behaviour due to low levels of distress tolerance (DT). The current meta-analysis using PRISMA guidelines sought to quantify the strength of the association between DT and lifetime frequency of NSSI using 22 eligible studies (N = 14,588; F = 60.7%; age = 23.35 ± 7.30), mainly from the United States. The correlation between emotional DT and NSSI was a small negative correlation (r = −.14), and it was non-significant for behavioural DT and NSSI (r = .02). Also, the effect-size was significant for studies that used interview-based measure of NSSI (r = −.24), and it was non-significant when self-report measures of NSSI (r = −.11) utilized. The association between DT and NSSI was significant and negative across the general population (r = −.47), university students (r = −.17), and inpatients (r = −.27); surprisingly, it was significant and positive among adolescents or high school students (r = .17). The observed effect-sizes were independent of publication year, mean age and its standard deviation, study quality, female proportion, DT, NSSI measures reliability, and clinical status. Future studies on NSSI should consider DT as a spectrum from distress intolerance to distress over-tolerance, given that it seems it has different functions when different samples (e.g., adolescents) are studied.

中文翻译：

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非自杀性自伤 (NSSI) 的痛苦耐受性和终生频率：系统评价和荟萃分析

鉴于 NSSI 与精神病理学和广泛的精神疾病之间的关联，NSSI 最近被认为是一个重大的健康问题。研究发现，情绪高涨（称为情绪级联）的个体由于痛苦耐受力（DT）水平较低，更有可能做出自残行为。当前使用 PRISMA 指南的荟萃分析试图通过 主要来自美国的22 项合格研究（ N = 14,588；F = 60.7%；年龄 = 23.35 ± 7.30）来量化 DT 与终生 NSSI 频率之间的关联强度。情绪DT和NSSI之间的相关性为较小的负相关（r  = -.14），而行为DT和NSSI之间的相关性不显着（r  = .02）。此外，对于使用基于访谈的 NSSI 测量（ r = -.24）的研究，效果大小显着，而当使用自我报告的 NSSI 测量（ r = -.11） 时，效果大小不显着 。 DT 与 NSSI 之间的相关性在普通人群 ( r  = -.47)、大学生 ( r  = -.17) 和住院患者 ( r  = -.27)中呈显着负相关；令人惊讶的是，这一现象在青少年或高中生中表现得显着且积极（r  = .17）。观察到的效应大小与发表年份、平均年龄及其标准差、研究质量、女性比例、DT、NSSI 测量可靠性和临床状态无关。未来关于 NSSI 的研究应将 DT 视为从痛苦不耐受到痛苦过度耐受的一个谱系，因为在研究不同样本（例如青少年）时它似乎具有不同的功能。