Abstract

Soils provide essential ecosystem services for the existence of ecosystems and biodiversity. It is crucial to understand their quality through the evaluation of ecological processes. However, only some studies estimate the effectiveness of ecosystem restoration based on evaluating soil quality (SQ) indicators. This research evaluated the five most common land-use scenarios in Andean ecosystems within the Natural Reserve of the Civil Society (RNSC) “La Montaña Mágica” under natural forest, coffee plantation, badlands, and active and passive restoration. The main objective was to analyze the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics concerning land use, establish the baseline for SQ indicators in different land use activities, and determine the status of restoration systems for other land uses in the study site. ANOVA and Dunnett's test evaluated SQ parameters. In passive and active restoration, soil bulk density, porosity, and the number of individuals and families of macroinvertebrates were improved. The latter presented low pH and aluminum values but increased potassium compared to other soil uses. The restoration strategies favored changes in SQ indicators due to the contribution of organic carbon, a developed root system, and the recirculation of nutrients in the edaphic system. This study provided information on changes in SQ with soil usage as a practical tool to evaluate ecological restoration methods in natural areas of the eastern Colombian Andes.

中文翻译：

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土壤质量：哥伦比亚安第斯山脉自然保护区恢复的指标

摘要

土壤为生态系统和生物多样性的存在提供必要的生态系统服务。通过评估生态过程来了解其质量至关重要。然而，只有一些研究基于评估土壤质量（SQ）指标来估计生态系统恢复的有效性。这项研究评估了民间社会自然保护区（RNSC）“La Montaña Mágica”内安第斯生态系统中天然林、咖啡种植园、荒地以及主动和被动恢复的五种最常见的土地利用情景。主要目标是分析土地利用的物理、化学和生物特征，建立不同土地利用活动的SQ指标基线，并确定研究地点其他土地利用的恢复系统状况。方差分析和 Dunnett 检验评估了 SQ 参数。在被动和主动恢复中，土壤容重、孔隙度以及大型无脊椎动物的个体和科数均得到改善。与其他土壤用途相比，后者的 pH 值和铝值较低，但钾含量较高。由于有机碳、发达的根系以及土壤系统中养分的再循环的贡献，恢复策略有利于 SQ 指标的变化。本研究提供了土壤使用引起的 SQ 变化信息，作为评估哥伦比亚东部安第斯山脉自然区域生态恢复方法的实用工具。