Abstract

A nitrogen jet expanding during its exhaustion from a nozzle into a vacuum chamber is numerically simulated by a hybrid approach. The flow parameters in the nozzle and in the near field of the jet are determined by solving the Navier–Stokes equations by using the ANSYS Fluent software. The gas flow at large distances from the nozzle exit is modeled by the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method by using the SMILE software system. Such an approach makes it possible to perform sufficiently accurate simulations in the near field of the jet; moreover, the temperature nonequilibrium of the expanding gas jet and other effects of rarefaction in the far field of the jet are taken into account. The approach is verified by using various approximate analytical models of gas exhaustion into vacuum. A comparison of the numerical results with available experimental data shows that they are in good agreement.