Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are next-generation electrical devices that harness biochemical resources to simultaneously generate renewable energy and remediate environmental wastewater. To engineer high-performance MFCs, much attention has been paid to anode materials since anodes are pivotal platforms for electroactive microbial (exoelectrogens) adhesion and electron transfer, thereby dominating the overall power output and substrate degradation efficiency. Driven by emerging low-cost and high-performance MFC anodes fabricated from conventional carbon materials and biomass sources, this Review summarizes recent advances in carbonaceous anodes and their compatible exoelectrogens. The fundamental properties of high-performance anodes, including porosity, biocompatibility, and electric conductivity, are compared in detail to associate the exoelectrogen metabolism with device power output and substrate degradation efficiency. This Review may build up a new interface between abio- and biocomponents to accelerate the journey toward cost-effective, high-efficiency, and large-scale MFCs based on carbonaceous materials.

中文翻译：

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高性能微生物燃料电池中的碳质阳极和兼容的外放电极：综述

微生物燃料电池（MFC）是下一代电气设备，利用生化资源同时产生可再生能源和修复环境废水。为了设计高性能 MFC，阳极材料受到了广泛关注，因为阳极是电活性微生物（产电原）粘附和电子转移的关键平台，从而决定了整体功率输出和基材降解效率。在由传统碳材料和生物质来源制造的新兴低成本、高性能 MFC 阳极的推动下，本综述总结了碳质阳极及其兼容的外放电的最新进展。详细比较了高性能阳极的基本特性，包括孔隙率、生物相容性和电导率，将外产电代谢与装置功率输出和底物降解效率联系起来。本综述可能会在生物和生物组分之间建立一个新的界面，以加速基于碳质材料的经济高效、大规模 MFC 的发展。