The cement and construction industry creates around 10% of the global carbon footprint. Geopolymer and alkali-activated concrete provide a sustainable solution to conventional concrete. Due to its disadvantages, the practical usage of geopolymer and alkali-activated concrete is limited. Workability is one of the issues faced in developing geopolymer and alkali-activated concretes. Plenty of research was conducted to provide a solution to enhance the ability to use different superplasticizers (SPs). The present article extensively reviews the effects of SPs on geopolymer and alkali-activated concretes. The research articles published in the last 5 years in high-quality journals are considered for the chemical composition of the different SPs and analyses of their exact impact on geopolymer and alkali-activated cement mortar and concrete. Later, the impact of SPs on the normal consistency and setting times of cement mortar, workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength, microstructure, and water absorption of geopolymer and alkali-activated concrete was determined. SPs improve the geopolymer and alkali-activated concretes upon their use in desired dosages; more dosage leads to negative effects. Therefore, selecting the optimal superplasticizer is essential since it impacts the performance of the geopolymer and alkali-activated concrete.

中文翻译：

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超减水剂在地质聚合物和碱激活水泥砂浆/混凝土中的作用：综述

水泥和建筑行业产生的碳足迹约占全球碳足迹的 10%。地质聚合物和碱激活混凝土为传统混凝土提供了可持续的解决方案。由于其缺点，地质聚合物和碱激活混凝土的实际应用受到限制。和易性是开发地质聚合物和碱激活混凝土面临的问题之一。我们进行了大量的研究，以提供一种解决方案来增强使用不同超增塑剂 (SP) 的能力。本文广泛回顾了 SP 对地质聚合物和碱激活混凝土的影响。过去 5 年在高质量期刊上发表的研究文章考虑了不同 SP 的化学成分，并分析了它们对地质聚合物和碱活化水泥砂浆和混凝土的确切影响。随后，确定了SPs对水泥砂浆的标准稠度和凝结时间、地质聚合物和碱激活混凝土的和易性、抗压强度、抗弯强度、劈裂抗拉强度、微观结构和吸水率的影响。 SP 在按所需剂量使用后可改善地质聚合物和碱激活混凝土的性能；更多剂量会导致负面影响。因此，选择最佳的高效减水剂至关重要，因为它会影响地质聚合物和碱激活混凝土的性能。