Plastic pollution is becoming a significant problem in urban areas due to excessive use and careless disposal. While studies on microplastics are increasingly being conducted across various environments, research on microplastics in soil is limited compared to other areas. Microplastics entering the soil through various routes can stay there for a long period of time, threatening soil organisms and eventually humans. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the distribution characteristics of microplastics according to types of land use. For this purpose, a total of 54 soil samples were collected from agricultural land, residential areas, roadsides, parks, and forests. The analysis of microplastics in the soil by stereo microscopy showed that the average numbers of microplastics (particles/kg) in agricultural land, residential areas, roadsides, parks, and forests were 5047, 3646, 4987, 2673, and 1097, respectively. Various colors (black, red, green, blue, yellow, white, and transparent) and shapes (fragment, fiber, film, and sphere) of microplastics were found in soils. The combination of black x fragment plastics showed the highest frequency. Microplastics in soil samples from agricultural land, roadside, and residential areas with sizes between 20 µm and 500 µm were determined using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and analyzed by MP finder. The number of microplastics detected in the soil with sizes ranging between 20 µm and 500 µm was in the order of roadside > residential areas > agricultural land, which was different from the results by stereomicroscopy. Polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) were detected in soils from roadsides. Polyurethane (PU), cellulose acetate (CA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), PP, and polystyrene (PS) were detected in soils from residential areas, with PU being the most frequently detected.

中文翻译：

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首尔都市区土壤中微塑料按土地利用类型的分布

由于过度使用和不小心处置，塑料污染正在成为城市地区的一个严重问题。尽管对微塑料的研究越来越多地在各种环境中进行，但与其他领域相比，对土壤中微塑料的研究仍然有限。通过各种途径进入土壤的微塑料可以在那里停留很长一段时间，威胁土壤生物并最终威胁人类。因此，本研究旨在调查不同土地利用类型下微塑料的分布特征。为此，从农田、居民区、路边、公园和森林中总共采集了 54 个土壤样本。体视显微镜对土壤中微塑料的分析显示，农用地、居民区、路边、公园和森林的微塑料平均数量（颗粒/千克）分别为5047个、3646个、4987个、2673个和1097个。在土壤中发现了各种颜色（黑色、红色、绿色、蓝色、黄色、白色和透明）和形状（碎片、纤维、薄膜和球体）的微塑料。黑色x碎片塑料的组合出现频率最高。使用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪 (FT-IR) 测定农田、路边和住宅区土壤样品中尺寸在 20 µm 至 500 µm 之间的微塑料，并通过 MP finder 进行分析。土壤中检出的20μm~500μm大小的微塑料数量顺序为路边>居民区>农田，与体视显微镜的结果不同。在路边土壤中检测到聚乙烯 (PE)、聚丙烯 (PP) 和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (PMMA)。在住宅区的土壤中检测到了聚氨酯（PU）、醋酸纤维素（CA）、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）、PP和聚苯乙烯（PS），其中PU是最常检测到的。