Abstract

Aortic aneurysm (AA) is a life-threatening condition with a high prevalence and risk of severe complications. The aim of this review was to summarize the data on the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the development of AAs of various location. Within less than a decade of studies on the role of lncRNAs in AA, using experimental and bioinformatic approaches, scientists have obtained the data confirming the involvement of these molecules in metabolic pathways and pathogenetic mechanisms critical for the aneurysm development. Regardless of the location of pathological process (thoracic or abdominal aorta), AA was found to be associated with changes in the expression of various lncRNAs in the tissue of the affected vessels. The consistency of changes in the expression level of lncRNA, mRNA and microRNA in aortic tissues during AA development has been recordedand regulatory networks implicated in the AA pathogenesis in which lncRNAs act as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA networks) have been identified. It was found that the same lncRNA can be involved in different ceRNA networks and regulate different biochemical and cellular events; on the other hand, the same pathological process can be controlled by different lncRNAs. Despite some similarities in pathogenesis and overlapping of involved lncRNAs, the ceRNA networks described for abdominal and thoracic AA are different. Interactions between lncRNAs and other molecules, including those participating in epigenetic processes, have also been identified as potentially relevant to the AA pathogenesis. The expression levels of some lncRNAs were found to correlate with clinically significant aortic features and biochemical parameters. Identification of regulatory RNAs functionally significant in the aneurysm development is important for clarification of disease pathogenesis and will provide a basis for early diagnostics and development of new preventive and therapeutic drugs.

中文翻译：

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长非编码RNA在胸腹主动脉瘤发生过程中的发病机制

摘要

主动脉瘤（AA）是一种危及生命的疾病，发病率高且存在严重并发症的风险。本综述的目的是总结有关长非编码 RNA (lncRNA) 在不同位置的 AA 发育中的作用的数据。在不到十年的时间里，科学家利用实验和生物信息学方法对 lncRNA 在 AA 中的作用进行了研究，获得的数据证实了这些分子参与对动脉瘤发展至关重要的代谢途径和发病机制。无论病理过程位于何处（胸主动脉或腹主动脉），AA 被发现与受影响血管组织中各种 lncRNA 表达的变化有关。 AA 发育过程中主动脉组织中 lncRNA、mRNA 和 microRNA 表达水平变化的一致性已被记录，并且已确定与 AA 发病机制有关的调节网络，其中 lncRNA 充当竞争性内源性 RNA（ceRNA 网络）。发现相同的lncRNA可以参与不同的ceRNA网络并调节不同的生化和细胞事件；另一方面，相同的病理过程可以由不同的lncRNA控制。尽管发病机制和相关 lncRNA 的重叠有一些相似之处，但腹部和胸部 AA 的 ceRNA 网络是不同的。 lncRNA 与其他分子（包括参与表​​观遗传过程的分子）之间的相互作用也被认为与 AA 发病机制潜在相关。一些 lncRNA 的表达水平被发现与临床显着的主动脉特征和生化参数相关。鉴定在动脉瘤发展中具有重要功能的调节RNA对于阐明疾病发病机制非常重要，并将为早期诊断和开发新的预防和治疗药物提供基础。