Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a risk factor for both mother and fetus/neonate during and after the pregnancy. Inconsistent protocols and cumbersome screening procedures warrant the search for new and easily accessible biomarkers. We investigated a potential of serum N-glycome to differentiate between healthy pregnant women (n = 49) and women with GDM (n = 53) using a lectin-based microarray and studied the correlation between the obtained data and parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism. Four out of 15 lectins used were able to detect the differences between the control and GDM groups in fucosylation, terminal galactose/N-acetylglucosamine (Gal/GlcNAc), presence of Galα1,4Galβ1,4Glc (Gb3 antigen), and terminal α2,3-sialylation with AUC values above 60%. An increase in the Gb3 antigen and α2,3-sialylation correlated positively with GDM, whereas the amount of fucosylated glycans correlated negatively with the content of terminal Gal/GlcNAc. The content of GlcNAc oligomers correlated with the highest number of blood analytes, indices, and demographic characteristics, but failed to discriminate between the groups. The presence of terminal Gal residues correlated positively with the glucose levels and negatively with the LDL levels in the non-GDM group only. The results suggest fucosylation, terminal galactosylation, and the presence of Gb3 antigen as prediction markers of GDM.

中文翻译：

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血清糖蛋白作为妊娠期糖尿病的诊断和预后因素

摘要

妊娠期糖尿病 (GDM) 是妊娠期间和妊娠后母亲和胎儿/新生儿的危险因素。不一致的方案和繁琐的筛选程序需要寻找新的且易于获取的生物标志物。我们 使用基于凝集素的微阵列研究了血清 N-糖组区分健康孕妇 ( n  = 49) 和 GDM 女性 ( n = 53) 的潜力，并研究了获得的数据与葡萄糖和脂质代谢参数之间的相关性。使用的 15 种凝集素中的 4 种能够检测对照组和 GDM 组在岩藻糖基化、末端半乳糖/N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖 (Gal/GlcNAc)、Galα1,4Galβ1,4Glc（Gb3 抗原）和末端 α2,3 的存在方面的差异-AUC值高于60%的唾液酸化。 Gb3 抗原和 α2,3-唾液酸化的增加与 GDM 呈正相关，而岩藻糖基化聚糖的量与末端 Gal/GlcNAc 的含量呈负相关。 GlcNAc 寡聚物的含量与最高数量的血液分析物、指数和人口统计特征相关，但无法区分各组。仅在非 GDM 组中，末端 Gal 残基的存在与葡萄糖水平呈正相关，与 LDL 水平呈负相关。结果表明岩藻糖基化、末端半乳糖基化和 Gb3 抗原的存在可以作为 GDM 的预测标记。