Support for nature-based solutions (NbS) has grown significantly in the last 5 years. At the same time, recognition for the role of Indigenous Peoples in advancing ‘life-enhancing’ climate solutions has also increased. Despite this rapid growth, the exploration of the intersection of NbS and Indigenous Peoples has been much slower, as questions remain about the ability of NbS to be implemented while respecting Indigenous rights, governance, and knowledge systems, including in their conceptualizations. To address this knowledge gap, we draw on 17 conversational interviews with Indigenous leaders, including youth, women, technicians, and knowledge keepers from what is currently known as Canada to explore Indigenous conceptualizations of nature, nature-based solutions, and the joint biodiversity and climate crisis. Three drivers of the biodiversity and climate crisis were identified: structural legacy of colonization and capitalism, a problem of human values, and climate change as a cumulative impact from industrial disturbances. Building on this understanding, our findings indicate that shifting towards Indigenous conceptualizations of NbS as systems of reciprocal relationships would: challenge the dichotomization of humans and nature; emphasize the inseparability of land, water, and identity; internalize the principle of humility and responsibility; and invest in the revitalization of Indigenous knowledge systems. As the first exploration of Indigenous conceptualizations of nature within NbS literatures, we close with four reflections for academics, advocates, leaders, activists, and policymakers to uplift Indigenous climate solutions for a just, equitable, and resilient future.

过去 5 年，对基于自然的解决方案 (NbS) 的支持显着增长。与此同时，人们对土著人民在推进“改善生活”气候解决方案方面的作用的认识也有所提高。尽管增长迅速，但对 NbS 和土著人民交叉点的探索却要慢得多，因为在尊重土著权利、治理和知识体系（包括其概念化）的同时实施 NbS 的能力仍然存在疑问。为了解决这一知识差距，我们对原住民领袖进行了 17 次对话式采访，其中包括来自现在的加拿大的青年、妇女、技术人员和知识保管者，以探讨原住民对自然的概念、基于自然的解决方案以及生物多样性和生物多样性的联合解决方案。气候危机。确定了生物多样性和气候危机的三个驱动因素：殖民化和资本主义的结构性遗产、人类价值观问题以及工业扰动累积影响的气候变化。基于这种理解，我们的研究结果表明，将 NbS 的土著概念转变为互惠关系系统将：挑战人类与自然的二分法；强调土地、水和身份的不可分割性；将谦逊和责任的原则内化；并投资于土著知识体系的振兴。作为 NbS 文献中对土著自然概念化的首次探索，我们以学者、倡导者、领导者、活动家和政策制定者的四点思考作为结束语，以提升土著气候解决方案，以实现公正、公平和有弹性的未来。