Most studies on the acquisition of postverbal subjects (VS) in L2 Italian focus on a limited number of linguistic factors that tend to be associated with the production of VS in L1 (e.g., verb class and subject discourse status). Moreover, they analyze homogeneous groups of learners in terms of proficiency, mostly through controlled experiments. In this paper, we present a cross-sectional corpus study based on a multifactorial analysis of the L2 use of VS structures in semi-spontaneous speech. We analyze the production of VSs by learners of different levels of proficiency (A1-C2), considering linguistic factors that trigger the production of VS in L1, but have been unaccounted for in L2 studies (e.g., agentivity of the subject, syntactic configuration of the sentence, contrastive focus). We use a cumulative link mixed model to show how the features of verbs and subjects in VS structures change across proficiency levels. The results indicate learners’ progressive mastery of the mechanisms of assignment of the subject function to the postverbal constituent and increasing sensitivity to contrastive focus as a feature relevant for the use of VS. Furthermore, we observe that psychological verbs associated with the use of VS are produced from the earliest stages of L2 acquisition.

大多数关于第二语言意大利语中动词后主语（VS）习得的研究都集中在有限数量的语言因素上，这些因素往往与第一语言中的 VS 的产生相关（例如，动词类别和主语话语状态）。此外，他们主要通过对照实验来分析同质学习者群体的熟练程度。在本文中，我们提出了一项基于半自发语音中 VS 结构的 L2 使用多因素分析的横断面语料库研究。我们分析了不同熟练程度（A1-C2）的学习者对 VS 的产生，考虑了在 L1 中触发 VS 产生的语言因素，但在 L2 研究中没有考虑到这些因素（例如，主体的能动性、句子，对比焦点）。我们使用累积链接混合模型来展示 VS 结构中动词和主语的特征如何随着熟练程度的变化而变化。结果表明，学习者逐渐掌握了将主语功能分配给动词后成分的机制，并提高了对对比焦点的敏感性，作为与 VS 使用相关的特征。此外，我们观察到与 VS 使用相关的心理动词是在二语习得的最早阶段产生的。