In Japan, recently there has been an increase in the failure of dry masonry retaining walls located in an urban residential area due to strong earthquakes. However, currently there are no established optimal seismic reinforcement methods for such dry masonry retaining walls due to issues related to workability and construction cost. This paper presents a novel reinforcement method wherein the tilting reinforcement bars were installed from top of the retaining wall whose individual blocks were integrated. A detailed investigation and discussion on the mechanical behavior of a dry masonry retaining wall is made by comparing the results among different experimental cases which had different seismic reinforcement treatment with the help of tilting table experiments conducted in a geotechnical centrifuge. The results highlighted that the proposed method, the application of tilting reinforcement bars together with the integration of individual wall blocks, led to the best seismic resilient performance of the retaining wall with the least measured soil deformations and soil strains at the backfill. Among all the tested cases, the proposed method resulted in the least mobilization of axial force and bending moment at the top of reinforcement bars which may result in the overall reduction of the construction cost (i.e., by reducing the number of reinforcement bars) aiming toward a performance-based design. Lastly, an analytical evaluation of the factor of safety (FOS) against collapse as per the Mononobe-Okabe theory was made which was found to be in excellent agreement with the centrifuge experiments revealing the proposed method to perform best among all the cases.

中文翻译：

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城市住宅区干砌石挡土墙基于性能的抗震加固新方法

在日本，最近由于强烈地震，位于城市住宅区的干砌石挡土墙破坏的情况有所增加。然而，由于施工性能和施工成本等问题，目前还没有针对这种干砌石挡土墙确定最佳的抗震加固方法。本文提出了一种新颖的加固方法，其中倾斜钢筋从挡土墙的顶部安装，挡土墙的各个块是一体的。通过岩土离心机倾斜台试验，比较不同抗震加固处理的不同试验案例的结果，对干砌体挡土墙的力学性能进行了详细的研究和讨论。结果强调，所提出的方法，即倾斜钢筋的应用以及各个墙块的集成，使挡土墙具有最佳的抗震回弹性能，并且回填土处测得的土壤变形和土壤应变最少。在所有测试案例中，所提出的方法导致钢筋顶部的轴向力和弯矩的动员最少，这可能会导致施工成本的总体降低（即通过减少钢筋的数量），从而实现基于性能的设计。最后，根据 Mononobe-Okabe 理论对抗倒塌安全系数 (FOS) 进行了分析评估，发现该评估与离心机实验非常一致，表明所提出的方法在所有情况下表现最佳。