The role of hepcidins, antimicrobial peptides involved in iron metabolism, immunity, and inflammation, is studied. First, gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) head-kidney leucocytes (HKLs) were incubated with λ-carrageenin to study the expression of hepcidin and iron metabolism-related genes. While the expression of most of the genes studied was upregulated, the expression of ferroportin gene (slc40a) was downregulated. In the second part of the study, seabream specimens were injected intramuscularly with λ-carrageenin or buffer (control). The expression of the same genes was evaluated in the head kidney, liver, and skin at different time points after injection. The expression of Hamp1m, ferritin b, and ferroportin genes (hamp1, fthb, and slc40a) was upregulated in the head kidney of fish from the λ-carrageenin-injected group, while the expression of Hamp2C and Hamp2E genes (hamp2.3 and hamp2.7) was downregulated. In the liver, the expression of hamp1, ferritin a (ftha), slc40a, Hamp2J, and Hamp2D (hamp2.5/6) genes was downregulated in the λ-carrageenin-injected group. In the skin, the expression of hamp1 and (Hamp2A Hamp2C) hamp2.1/3/4 genes was upregulated in the λ-carrageenin-injected group. A bioinformatic analysis was performed to predict the presence of transcription factor binding sites in the promoter region of hepcidins. The primary sequence of hepcidin was conserved among the different mature peptides, although changes in specific amino acid residues were identified. These changes affected the charge, hydrophobicity, and probability of hepcidins being antimicrobial peptides. This study sheds light on the poorly understood roles of hepcidins in fish. The results provide insight into the regulatory mechanisms of inflammation in fish and could contribute to the development of new strategies for treat inflammation in farm animals.

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中文翻译：

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铁调素参与金头鲷 (Sparus aurata) λ-卡拉胶引发的炎症反应

研究了铁调素、抗菌肽在铁代谢、免疫和炎症中的作用。首先，将金头鲷（Sparus aurata L.）头肾白细胞（HKL）与λ-卡拉胶一起孵育，以研究铁调素和铁代谢相关基因的表达。虽然大多数研究基因的表达上调，但铁转运蛋白基因 ( slc40a ) 的表达下调。在研究的第二部分中，对鲷鱼标本进行肌内注射 λ-角叉菜胶或缓冲液（对照）。在注射后不同时间点评估头肾、肝脏和皮肤中相同基因的表达。注射λ-卡拉胶的鱼的头肾中Hamp1m、铁蛋白 b 和铁转运蛋白基因（ hamp1、fthb和slc40a ）的表达上调，而 Hamp2C 和 Hamp2E 基因（ hamp2.3和hamp2 ）的表达上调。 .7 ) 被下调。在肝脏中，注射λ-角叉菜胶的组中hamp1、铁蛋白 a ( ftha )、slc40a、Hamp2J 和 Hamp2D ( hamp2.5/6 ) 基因的表达下调。在皮肤中，注射λ-角叉菜胶的组中hamp1和 (Hamp2A Hamp2C) hamp2.1/3/4基因的表达上调。进行生物信息学分析以预测铁调素启动子区域中转录因子结合位点的存在。尽管鉴定出了特定氨基酸残基的变化，但铁调素的一级序列在不同的成熟肽中是保守的。这些变化影响了铁调素的电荷、疏水性和作为抗菌肽的可能性。这项研究揭示了人们对铁调素在鱼类中的作用知之甚少的情况。这些结果提供了对鱼类炎症调节机制的深入了解，并可能有助于开发治疗农场动物炎症的新策略。

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