In this paper, a hybrid blockchain-based authentication scheme is proposed that provides the mechanism to authenticate the randomly distributed sensor IoTs. These nodes are divided into three types: ordinary nodes, cluster heads and sink nodes. For authentication of these nodes in a Wireless Sensor IoTs (WSIoTs), a hybrid blockchain model is introduced. It consists of both private and public blockchains, which are used to authenticate ordinary nodes and cluster heads, respectively. Moreover, to handle the issue of cluster head failure due to inefficient energy consumption, Improved Heterogeneous Gateway-based Energy-Aware Multi-hop Routing (I-HMGEAR) protocol is proposed in combination with blockchain. It provides a mechanism to efficiently use the overall energy of the network. Besides, the processed data of subnetworks is stored on blockchain that causes the issue of increased monetary cost. To solve this issue, an external platform known as InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) is used, which distributively stores the data on different devices. The simulation results show that our proposed model outperforms existing clustering scheme in terms of network lifetime and data storage cost of the WSIoTs. Our proposed scheme increases the lifetime of the network as compared to existing trust management model, intrusion prevention and multi WSN authentication schemes by 17.5%, 24.2% and 19.6%, respectively.

中文翻译：

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使用区块链的无线传感器物联网中的身份验证和经济有效的存储来优化能源

本文提出了一种基于区块链的混合认证方案，提供了对随机分布的传感器物联网进行认证的机制。这些节点分为三种类型：普通节点、簇头和汇聚节点。为了对无线传感器物联网 (WSIoT) 中的这些节点进行身份验证，引入了混合区块链模型。它由私有链和公共链组成，分别用于验证普通节点和簇头。此外，为了解决由于能源消耗效率低下而导致簇头失效的问题，结合区块链提出了改进的基于异构网关的能源感知多跳路由（I-HMGEAR）协议。它提供了一种有效利用网络整体能量的机制。此外，子网络处理后的数据存储在区块链上，导致货币成本增加的问题。为了解决这个问题，使用了一个称为星际文件系统（IPFS）的外部平台，它将数据分布式存储在不同的设备上。仿真结果表明，我们提出的模型在 WSIoT 的网络生命周期和数据存储成本方面优于现有的集群方案。与现有的信任管理模型、入侵防御和多 WSN 身份验证方案相比，我们提出的方案将网络的生命周期分别延长了 17.5%、24.2% 和 19.6%。