High-precision satellite laser ranging measurements to Galileo retroreflector panels are analyzed to determine the angle of incidence of the laser beam based on specific orientations of the panel with respect to the observing station. During the measurements, the panel aligns with respect to the observing station in such a way that multiple retroreflectors appear at the same range, forming regions of increased data density—separated by a few millimeters. First, measurements to a spare IOV-type retroreflector mounted on an astronomical mount at a remote location 32 km away from the Graz laser ranging station are performed. In addition, more than 100 symmetry passes to Galileo satellites in orbit have been measured. Two novel techniques are described to form laser ranging normal points with improved precision compared to traditional methods. An individual normal point can be formed for each set of retroreflectors at a constant range. The central normal point was shown to be up to 4 mm more accurate when compared with a precise orbit solution. Similar offsets are determined by applying a pattern correlation technique comparing simulated with measured data, and the first method is verified. Irregular reflection patterns of Galileo FOC panels indicate accumulated far-field diffraction patterns resulting from non-uniform retroreflector distributions.

对伽利略后向反射器面板的高精度卫星激光测距测量进行分析，根据面板相对于观测站的特定方向确定激光束的入射角。在测量过程中，面板相对于观测站对齐，使得多个后向反射器出现在同一范围内，形成数据密度增加的区域（间隔几毫米）。首先，对安装在距格拉茨激光测距站 32 公里远程位置的天文支架上的备用 IOV 型后向反射器进行测量。此外，还测量了 100 多次在轨伽利略卫星的对称传递。描述了两种新技术来形成激光测距法线点，与传统方法相比，精度更高。可以在恒定范围内为每组后向反射器形成单独的法线点。与精确轨道解相比，中心法线点的精确度高达 4 毫米。通过应用模式相关技术比较模拟数据和测量数据来确定类似的偏移，并验证了第一种方法。 Galileo FOC 面板的不规则反射图案表明由于后向反射器分布不均匀而导致累积的远场衍射图案。