Bone allografts are clinically used in a variety of surgical procedures, and tissue banks are responsible for harvesting, processing, quality testing, storing, and delivering these materials for transplantation. In tissue banks, the bone is processed for the removal of all organic content, remaining only the tissue structure (scaffold). However, several studies have shown that even after using different processing methods, viable cells, functional proteins, and DNA may still persist in the tissue, which constitute the main causes of graft rejection. Therefore, the objective of this study was to establish techniques and biological parameters for quality validation of allografts. To this end, we propose the use of 3 combined methods such as microscopy, histology, and molecular biology techniques to evaluate the quality of allografts harvested and processed by the Brazilian National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics (INTO) tissue bank according to the donation criteria of the Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency and the Brazilian National Transplant System. Bone fragments from different processing stages showed no viable cells on histology, an intact extracellular matrix on scanning electron microscopy, and gradual reduction in DNA amount. Different techniques were used to demonstrate the quality of allografts produced by the INTO tissue bank and to establish biological parameters for ensuring the safety and quality of these products. Future studies need to be undertaken to assess and validate the efficacy of the decellularization process in larger bone grafts with diverse architectural configurations.

同种异体骨在临床上用于各种外科手术，组织库负责采集、加工、质量检测、储存和运送这些用于移植的材料。在组织库中，骨骼经过处理以去除所有有机成分，仅保留组织结构（支架）。然而，多项研究表明，即使采用不同的处理方法，活细胞、功能蛋白和DNA仍可能残留在组织中，这是移植排斥的主要原因。因此，本研究的目的是建立同种异体移植物质量验证的技术和生物学参数。为此，我们建议采用显微镜、组织学和分子生物学技术等3种组合方法，根据捐赠标准评估巴西国家创伤和骨科研究所（INTO）组织库采集和加工的同种异体移植物的质量巴西国家健康监测局和巴西国家移植系统。来自不同加工阶段的骨碎片在组织学上显示没有活细胞，在扫描电子显微镜下显示完整的细胞外基质，并且DNA量逐渐减少。使用不同的技术来证明INTO组织库生产的同种异体移植物的质量，并建立生物参数以确保这些产品的安全和质量。未来需要进行研究来评估和验证具有不同结构配置的较大骨移植物中脱细胞过程的功效。