Malnutrition, often termed “hidden hunger,” represents a pervasive global issue carrying significant implications for health, development, and socioeconomic conditions. Addressing the challenge of inadequate essential nutrients, despite sufficient caloric intake, is crucial. Biofortification emerges as a promising solution by enhance the presence of vital nutrients like iron, zinc, iodine, and vitamin A in edible parts of different crop plants. Crop biofortification can be attained through either agronomic methods or genetic breeding techniques. Agronomic strategies for biofortification encompass the application of mineral fertilizers through foliar or soil methods, as well as leveraging microbe-mediated mechanisms to enhance nutrient uptake. On the other hand, genetic biofortification involves the strategic crossing of plants to achieve a desired combination of genes, promoting balanced nutrient uptake and bioavailability. Additionally, genetic biofortification encompasses innovative methods such as speed breeding, transgenic approaches, genome editing techniques, and integrated omics approaches. These diverse strategies collectively contribute to enhancing the nutritional profile of crops. This review highlights the above-said genetic biofortification strategies and it also covers the aspect of reduction in antinutritional components in food through genetic biofortification.

营养不良通常被称为“隐性饥饿”，是一个普遍存在的全球问题，对健康、发展和社会经济条件产生重大影响。尽管摄入了足够的热量，但解决必需营养素不足的挑战至关重要。生物强化是一种很有前途的解决方案，它可以增强不同农作物可食用部分中铁、锌、碘和维生素 A 等重要营养素的存在。作物生物强化可以通过农艺方法或遗传育种技术来实现。生物强化的农艺策略包括通过叶面或土壤方法施用矿物肥料，以及利用微生物介导的机制来增强养分吸收。另一方面，遗传生物强化涉及植物的战略杂交，以实现所需的基因组合，促进平衡的养分吸收和生物利用度。此外，遗传生物强化还包括快速育种、转基因方法、基因组编辑技术和综合组学方法等创新方法。这些不同的策略共同有助于提高作物的营养状况。本综述重点介绍了上述基因生物强化策略，还涵盖了通过基因生物强化减少食品中抗营养成分的方面。