In astronomy or biological imaging, refractive index inhomogeneities of, e.g., atmosphere or tissues, induce optical aberrations that degrade the desired information hidden behind the medium. A standard approach consists of measuring these aberrations with a wavefront sensor (e.g., Shack–Hartmann) located in the pupil plane, and compensating for them either digitally or by adaptive optics with a wavefront shaper. However, in its usual implementation this strategy can only extract aberrations within a single isoplanatic patch, i.e., a region where the aberrations remain correlated. This limitation severely reduces the effective field-of-view in which the correction can be performed. Here, we propose a wavefront sensing method capable of measuring, in a single shot, various pupil aberrations corresponding to multiple isoplanatic patches. The method, based on a thin diffuser (i.e., a random phase mask), exploits the dissimilarity between different speckle regions to multiplex several wavefronts incoming from various incidence angles. We present proof-of-concept experiments carried out in widefield fluorescence microscopy. A digital deconvolution procedure in each isoplanatic patch yields accurate aberration correction within an extended field-of-view. This approach is of interest for adaptive optics applications as well as diffractive optical tomography.

中文翻译：

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具有薄漫射器的多重波前传感

在天文学或生物成像中，大气或组织等的折射率不均匀性会引起光学像差，从而降低隐藏在介质后面的所需信息的质量。标准方法包括使用位于光瞳平面的波前传感器（例如，Shack-Hartmann）测量这些像差，并以数字方式或通过带有波前整形器的自适应光学器件来补偿它们。然而，在其通常的实施中，该策略只能提取单个等晕面片内的像差，即像差保持相关的区域。这种限制严重减少了可以执行校正的有效视场。在这里，我们提出了一种波前传感方法，能够在单次拍摄中测量与多个等晕面片相对应的各种光瞳像差。该方法基于薄漫射器（即随机相位掩模），利用不同散斑区域之间的差异来复用从不同入射角入射的多个波前。我们提出了在宽场荧光显微镜中进行的概念验证实验。每个等晕面片中的数字反卷积过程可在扩展视场内产生精确的像差校正。这种方法对于自适应光学应用以及衍射光学断层扫描很有意义。