Introduction. We have examined four burials from the St Mary Magdalen mediaeval leprosarium cemetery in Winchester, Hampshire, UK. One (Sk.8) was a male child, two (Sk.45 and Sk.52) were adolescent females and the fourth (Sk.512) was an adult male. The cemetery was in use between the 10th and 12th centuries. All showed skeletal lesions of leprosy. Additionally, one of the two females (Sk.45) had lesions suggestive of multi-cystic tuberculosis and the second (Sk.52) of leprogenic odontodysplasia (LO), a rare malformation of the roots of the permanent maxillary incisors. Gap statement. Relatively little is known of the manifestations of lepromatous leprosy (LL) in younger individuals from the archaeological record. Aims and Methodology. To address this, we have used ancient DNA testing and osteological examination of the individuals, supplemented with X-ray and microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) scan as necessary to assess the disease status. Results and Conclusions. The presence of Mycobacterium leprae DNA was confirmed in both females, and genotyping showed SNP type 3I-1 strains but with a clear genotypic variation. We could not confirm Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex DNA in the female individual SK.45. High levels of M. leprae DNA were found within the pulp cavities of four maxillary teeth from the male child (Sk.8) with LO, consistent with the theory that the replication of M. leprae in alveolar bone may interfere with root formation at key stages of development. We report our biomolecular findings in these individuals and review the evidence this site has contributed to our knowledge of mediaeval leprosy.

中文翻译：

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英国汉普郡温彻斯特圣玛丽抹大拉中世纪麻风病院疑似多菌性麻风病患者的生物考古学调查

介绍。我们检查了英国汉普郡温彻斯特圣玛丽抹大拉中世纪麻风病院公墓的四座墓葬。一名（Sk.8）是一名男孩，两名（Sk.45 和 Sk.52）是青春期女性，第四名（Sk.512）是一名成年男性。该墓地于 10 世纪至 12 世纪期间使用。全部都显示出麻风病的骨骼病变。此外，其中两名女性 (Sk.45) 的病变提示为多囊性结核病，第二名 (Sk.52) 的病变提示麻风性牙发育不良 (LO)，这是一种罕见的上颌恒切牙根部畸形。差距声明。从考古记录中，我们对年轻个体中麻风病 (LL) 的表现知之甚少。目标和方法。为了解决这个问题，我们对个体进行了古代 DNA 检测和骨学检查，并根据需要辅以 X 射线和微计算机断层扫描 (micro-CT) 扫描来评估疾病状况。结果和结论。两名女性体内均证实存在麻风分枝杆菌DNA，基因分型显示 SNP 3I-1 型菌株，但具有明显的基因型变异。我们无法确认女性个体 SK.45 中的结核分枝杆菌复合体 DNA。在患有 LO 的男孩（Sk.8）的四颗上颌牙齿的牙髓腔内发现了高水平的麻风分枝杆菌DNA，这与麻风分枝杆菌在牙槽骨中的复制可能在关键部位干扰牙根形成的理论相一致。发展阶段。我们报告了这些人的生物分子研究结果，并审查了该网站为我们了解中世纪麻风病做出的贡献的证据。