T-cell lymphoma is a highly invasive tumor with significant heterogeneity. Invasive tissue biopsy is the gold standard for acquiring molecular data and categorizing lymphoma patients into genetic subtypes. However, surgical intervention is unfeasible for patients who are critically ill, have unresectable tumors, or demonstrate low compliance, making tissue biopsies inaccessible to these patients. A critical need for a minimally invasive approach in T-cell lymphoma is evident, particularly in the areas of early diagnosis, prognostic monitoring, treatment response, and drug resistance. Therefore, the clinical application of liquid biopsy techniques has gained significant attention in T-cell lymphoma. Moreover, liquid biopsy requires fewer samples, exhibits good reproducibility, and enables real-time monitoring at molecular levels, thereby facilitating personalized health care. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current liquid biopsy biomarkers used for T-cell lymphoma, focusing on circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA, antibodies, and cytokines. Additionally, we discuss their clinical application, detection methodologies, ongoing clinical trials, and the challenges faced in the field of liquid biopsy.

中文翻译：

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T细胞淋巴瘤液体活检：生物标志物检测技术及临床应用

T细胞淋巴瘤是一种高度侵袭性的肿瘤，具有显着的异质性。侵入性组织活检是获取分子数据并将淋巴瘤患者分类为遗传亚型的金标准。然而，对于病情危重、肿瘤无法切除或依从性较低的患者来说，手术干预是不可行的，使得这些患者无法进行组织活检。 T 细胞淋巴瘤对微创方法的迫切需求是显而易见的，特别是在早期诊断、预后监测、治疗反应和耐药性领域。因此，液体活检技术在T细胞淋巴瘤的临床应用受到广泛关注。此外，液体活检所需样本量少，重现性好，能够在分子水平上进行实时监测，从而有利于个性化医疗。在这篇综述中，我们全面概述了当前用于 T 细胞淋巴瘤的液体活检生物标志物，重点关注循环游离 DNA (cfDNA)、循环肿瘤 DNA (ctDNA)、循环肿瘤细胞 (CTC)、Epstein-Barr病毒 (EBV) DNA、抗体和细胞因子。此外，我们还讨论了它们的临床应用、检测方法、正在进行的临床试验以及液体活检领域面临的挑战。