WS2 is a widely used solid lubricating material that exhibits applications in various fields, including automotive components, precision instruments, and key parts that require antiwear properties. However, WS2 is highly susceptible to humidity, which significantly limits its practical utility. In order to investigate and enhance the tribological and mechanical properties of WS2 coatings, a method involving codeposition of carbon (C) and tungsten (W) with WS2 was employed using magnetron sputtering, resulting in the successful preparation of W-diamondlike carbon (DLC)/WS2 composite coatings. Subsequent investigations revealed a synergistic effect of C and W through various methods. The addition of W noticeably improved both the nanohardness and Young’s modulus of the W-DLC coatings, thereby further enhancing the mechanical properties of the W-DLC/WS2 composite coatings and improving their wear resistance. However, it was observed that excessive W tended to oxidize, intensifying the abrasive wear of the composite coatings during friction. Moreover, Raman spectroscopy analysis indicated the presence of carbon in the composite coatings in the form of DLC, which served as a lubrication phase. The presence of DLC facilitated the formation of transfer films composed of graphite. Additionally, it was discovered that the number of graphite layers in the transfer films had an impact on the tribological properties of the coatings.

中文翻译：

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共沉积C、W元素对WS2涂层摩擦学性能的作用

WS2是一种广泛使用的固体润滑材料，在汽车零部件、精密仪器以及需要抗磨性能的关键部件等各个领域都有应用。然而，WS2 对湿度非常敏感，这极大地限制了它的实际用途。为了研究和提高WS2涂层的摩擦学和机械性能，采用磁控溅射将碳（C）和钨（W）与WS2共沉积的方法，成功制备了W-类金刚石碳（DLC） /WS2复合涂层。随后的研究通过各种方法揭示了 C 和 W 的协同效应。W的添加显着提高了W-DLC涂层的纳米硬度和杨氏模量，从而进一步增强了W-DLC/WS2复合涂层的机械性能并提高了其耐磨性。然而，据观察，过量的W容易氧化，加剧摩擦过程中复合涂层的磨料磨损。此外，拉曼光谱分析表明复合涂层中存在 DLC 形式的碳，充当润滑相。DLC的存在促进了由石墨组成的转移膜的形成。此外，人们发现转移膜中石墨层的数量对涂层的摩擦学性能有影响。