Because the functions of the subsurface are hidden from view, its important role in society is often ignored or taken for granted. The subsurface is, however, an essential part of the global ecosystem with important contributions to human well-being. Geodiversity is an important characteristic in this respect. Material supply is the more obvious role of the subsurface with projections of a doubling of global material use in 2060 as compared to 2017. Moreover, creating underground spaces and infrastructure are gaining importance in the urban environment. The main reason for the inadequate protection of geodiversity is the lack of a comprehensive and integrative framework. Linking socio-economic activities to biophysical system characteristics of the subsurface is facilitated by the geosystem services approach. Sustainable urban development strategies require including geodiversity in decision-making on human well-being and setting conditions for land use change. Spatial plans and decisions on the use of natural endowments should look at processes over much longer timeframes. In this paper, we explore the links between human well-being and the subsurface with an emphasis on the role of geodiversity. We set out a methodological framework and describe possible long term three-dimensional land use planning consequences for sustainable utilization of the subsurface. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Geodiversity for science and society’.

中文翻译：

---

将地球多样性和地球系统服务与人类福祉联系起来，以实现地下和城市环境的可持续利用

由于地下的功能被隐藏起来，它在社会中的重要作用常常被忽视或被视为理所当然。然而，地下是全球生态系统的重要组成部分，对人类福祉做出了重要贡献。地理多样性是这方面的一个重要特征。材料供应是地下的​​更明显的作用，预计 2060 年全球材料使用量将比 2017 年翻一番。此外，创建地下空间和基础设施在城市环境中变得越来越重要。地质多样性保护不力的主要原因是缺乏全面、综合的框架。地球系统服务方法促进了将社会经济活动与地下生物物理系统特征联系起来。可持续城市发展战略要求将地理多样性纳入有关人类福祉的决策和为土地利用变化设定条件。关于利用自然禀赋的空间规划和决策应该考虑更长的时间范围内的过程。在本文中，我们探讨了人类福祉与地下之间的联系，重点关注地质多样性的作用。我们制定了一个方法框架，并描述了地下可持续利用的长期三维土地利用规划可能产生的后果。本文是西奥·墨菲会议问题“科学与社会的地理多样性”的一部分。