Objectives In the present study, we investigated the round window (RW) and neighboring anatomical structures using temporal computed tomography (CT) which are important for cochlear implant (CI) electrodes.

Methods In this retrospective study, the temporal CT images of 112 adult patients (45 males and 67 females) were evaluated. We classified mastoid pneumatization, and measured RW diameter, RW–carotid canal (CC) distance, RW–facial nerve mastoid segment (FNMS) distance, RW–pyramidal eminence distance, RW–jugular bulb (JB) distance, and RW–internal acoustic canal (IAC) distance. Additionally, RW–cochlea angle and RW–facial nerve angle were also measured.

Results RW diameters in males were significantly higher than those in females bilaterally (p < 0.05). RW–CC distance and RW–JB distance were both smaller than 10 mm. RW–IAC distance was 2.54 to 2.68 mm, and RW–FNMS distance was 4.20 to 4.40 mm. RW–cochlea angle ranged from 39.62 to 41.91 degrees and RW–FN angle ranged from 17.28 to 18.40 degrees. Males showed better mastoid pneumatization values (p < 0.05). In higher RW diameters, RW–JB distance decreased, and in pneumatized mastoids, RW–JB distance increased. RW–JB distance and RW–CC distance were detected to increase together (p < 0.05).

Conclusion RW is crucial anatomic structure for CI surgeries. RW diameters are between 1.21 and 1.35 mm and lower in the females. Males exhibited better mastoid pneumatization values than the females, and CC and JB distances from RW were farther in well-pneumatized mastoids. Future studies should include comprehensive clinical and surgical findings.

目的 在本研究中，我们使用时间计算机断层扫描 (CT) 研究了圆窗 (RW) 和邻近的解剖结构，这对于人工耳蜗 (CI) 电极很重要。

方法 在这项回顾性研究中，评估了 112 名成年患者（45 名男性和 67 名女性）的颞部 CT 图像。我们对乳突气化进行分类，并测量RW直径、RW-颈动脉管（CC）距离、RW-面神经乳突段（FNMS）距离、RW-锥体隆起距离、RW-颈静脉球（JB）距离和RW-内声运河（IAC）距离。此外，还测量了RW-耳蜗角和RW-面神经角。

结果 男性双侧RW直径显着大于女性（p < 0.05）。 RW-CC距离和RW-JB距离均小于10mm。 RW-IAC距离为2.54至2.68毫米，RW-FNMS距离为4.20至4.40毫米。 RW-耳蜗角范围为39.62至41.91度，RW-FN角范围为17.28至18.40度。男性表现出更好的乳突气化值（p < 0.05）。在较大的 RW 直径中，RW-JB 距离减小，而在气动乳突中，RW-JB 距离增加。检测到 RW-JB 距离和 RW-CC 距离同时增加（p < 0.05）。

结论 RW 是 CI 手术的重要解剖结构。 RW 直径在 1.21 至 1.35 毫米之间，雌性的直径更小。男性比女性表现出更好的乳突充气值，并且在充气良好的乳突中，CC 和 JB 距 RW 的距离更远。未来的研究应包括全面的临床和手术结果。