In the light (or in the darkness) of the current climate and energy crises, a future in which the extraction of carbon-based fuels is phased down sounds less utopian, though still an upward struggle in an international context shaped by mainstream technoeconomic narratives. Concepts like "unburnable carbon," or the idea that fossil fuel reserves would need to remain under the ground in order to comply with the Paris Agreement, become prominent, and research on supply-side climate policy aimed at limiting further expansion of fossil fuel extraction gains momentum. Yet, there has been scarce attention so far to the role of supply-side approaches in building an equitable and just energy transition. With a view to filling this gap, in this contribution I build on the insights of Ecuador, a quintessential example of a natural resource-dependent country in the Global South and revisit the widely discussed Yasuní initiative, a pioneering international cooperation scheme to leave oil reserves in the ground, which is again topical due to the referendum of 2023. On the one hand, I argue that the energy transition underway imposes additional challenges when thinking about decarbonizing the energy sector and the national economy in a country, which traditionally followed a natural resource-driven development path. On the other hand, I discuss the social and political arrangements that surround the results of the referendum on stopping oil extraction in the Yasuní national park in the Ecuadorian Amazon region. With the insights of Ecuador, I finally intend to shed light on social, political, and international conditions needed for innovative supply-side projects to succeed in natural resource-rich countries in the Global South.

在当前气候和能源危机的光明（或黑暗）下，逐步减少碳基燃料开采的未来听起来不那么乌托邦，尽管在主流技术经济叙事所塑造的国际背景下仍然是一场向上的斗争。 “不可燃碳”等概念，或者为了遵守《巴黎协定》，化石燃料储备需要保留在地下的想法变得突出，而供应方气候政策的研究旨在限制化石燃料开采的进一步扩大获得动力。然而，迄今为止，供应方方法在建立公平公正的能源转型中的作用却很少受到关注。为了填补这一空白，在这篇文章中，我借鉴了厄瓜多尔（南半球自然资源依赖国家的典型例子）的见解，并重新审视了广泛讨论的亚苏尼倡议，这是一项开创性的国际石油储备合作计划由于 2023 年的公投，这再次成为热门话题。一方面，我认为，在考虑一个国家的能源部门和国民经济脱碳时，正在进行的能源转型带来了额外的挑战，而该国传统上遵循自然规律。资源驱动的发展道路。另一方面，我讨论了围绕停止厄瓜多尔亚马逊地区亚苏尼国家公园石油开采公投结果的社会和政治安排。凭借厄瓜多尔的见解，我最终打算阐明创新供应方项目在自然资源丰富的南方国家取得成功所需的社会、政治和国际条件。