Abstract

In this study, the determination of heavy metal concentrations (Fe, Mn, Ni, Cd, Cr, Cu, Co, Zn) in dust samples collected from different socioeconomic households in the urban area of Dhanbad city was investigated. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was utilized to detect the heavy metal content of the dust samples after digestion and filtration. The mean concentrations of Fe found 19,983.25 mg kg⁻¹ followed by Mn (313.03 mg kg⁻¹), Zn (296.05 mg kg⁻¹), Cu (62.16 mg kg⁻¹), Cr (37.87 mg kg⁻¹), Ni (33.67 mg kg⁻¹), Co (11.66 mg kg⁻¹), and Cd (5.65 mg kg⁻¹). Contamination Factor (CF) for elements Fe, Mn, Ni, and Co obtained values less than 1 signifying low contamination, CF values for element Cu ranged between 1 to 3 signifying moderate contamination whereas Zn comes under considerable contamination. CF values for elements Cd signify high contamination in all types of households. Cd was found to be highly enriched with a mean value of EF greater than 20 followed by Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Co, and Mn. The hazard index (HI) of selected heavy metals was less than 1 and the carcinogenic risk (CR) values for Cd, Cr, and Ni were found below safe levels (1E-06 to 1E-04) for both adults as well as children. The HI value for children was around five times that of adults, suggesting that children are at a greater risk of exposure to heavy metals in indoor dust from all socioeconomic type households.

中文翻译：

---

印度丹巴德市不同社会经济住房家庭灰尘中选定潜在有毒金属健康风险的比较研究

摘要

本研究对丹巴德市区不同社会经济家庭采集的灰尘样品中的重金属浓度（铁、锰、镍、镉、铬、铜、钴、锌）进行了测定。采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-OES）检测消解和过滤后的粉尘样品中的重金属含量。铁的平均浓度为 19,983.25 mg kg ^{-1 ，}其次是锰 (313.03 mg kg ^-1 )、锌 (296.05 mg kg ^-1 )、铜 (62.16 mg kg ^-1 )、铬 (37.87 mg kg ^-1 )、镍(33.67 mg kg ^-1 )、Co (11.66 mg kg ^-1 )和Cd (5.65 mg kg ^-1 )。元素 Fe、Mn、Ni 和 Co 的污染因子 (CF) 值小于 1，表示低污染；元素 Cu 的 CF 值在 1 到 3 之间，表示中度污染，而 Zn 则受到严重污染。 Cd 元素的 CF 值表明所有类型的家庭都受到高度污染。发现 Cd 高度富集，EF 平均值大于 20，其次是 Zn、Cu、Cr、Ni、Co 和 Mn。所选重金属的危害指数 (HI) 小于 1，镉、铬和镍的致癌风险 (CR) 值低于成人和儿童的安全水平（1E-06 至 1E-04） 。儿童的HI值约为成人的五倍，这表明儿童接触所有社会经济类型家庭的室内灰尘中重金属的风险更大。