In this study, we present an optimization method for determining a cost-effective sparse configuration for tsunami gauges to realize the reconstruction of high-resolution wave height distribution throughout the target region based on the concept of super-resolution. This optimization method consists of three procedures. First, we generate time series data of tsunami wave heights at synthetic gauges by conducting numerical simulations of various earthquake and tsunami scenarios at the target site. Next, we apply proper orthogonal decomposition to the synthetic tsunami data to extract the spatial features of the wave height distribution. Finally, according to these spatial features, an optimization process is performed to determine a sparse configuration of synthetic gauges. In the optimization, the optimal gauges are sequentially selected from the set of synthetic gauges to reconstruct the wave height distribution with the highest accuracy. Targeting hypothetical Nankai Trough earthquakes and tsunamis, we determine the optimal configuration near Shikoku and demonstrate the wave height reconstruction capability of the approach by comparing the performance of networks with optimally and randomly placed gauges. The results indicate that coastal gauges contribute more to improving the reconstruction accuracy and that a configuration with 21 optimal gauges has satisfactory performance. In addition, we assess the performance of the existing NOWPHAS network installed in the Shikoku region and find that the reconstruction performance of the existing network is equivalent to that of the optimal gauge network.

中文翻译：

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波高分布伪超分辨率海啸测量仪配置的优化

在本研究中，我们提出了一种优化方法，用于确定海啸监测仪具有成本效益的稀疏配置，以基于超分辨率的概念实现整个目标区域的高分辨率波高分布的重建。该优化方法由三个过程组成。首先，我们通过对目标地点的各种地震和海啸情景进行数值模拟，生成合成规范的海啸波高时间序列数据。接下来，我们对合成海啸数据进行适当的正交分解，以提取波高分布的空间特征。最后，根据这些空间特征，执行优化过程以确定合成仪表的稀疏配置。在优化过程中，从一组合成仪表中依次选择最佳仪表，以最高精度重建波高分布。针对假设的南海海槽地震和海啸，我们确定了四国附近的最佳配置，并通过比较网络与最佳和随机放置的仪表的性能来证明该方法的波高重建能力。结果表明，沿海仪表对提高重建精度贡献更大，并且具有 21 个最佳仪表的配置具有令人满意的性能。此外，我们评估了四国地区安装的现有NOWPHAS 网络的性能，发现现有网络的重建性能与最佳仪表网络的性能相当。