The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has increased worldwide, and early diagnosis is crucial to reduce mortality rates. Therefore, new noninvasive biomarkers for CRC are required. Recent studies have revealed an imbalance in the oral and gut microbiomes of patients with CRC, as well as impaired gut vascular barrier function. In the present study, the microbiomes of saliva, crevicular fluid, feces, and non-neoplastic and tumor intestinal tissue samples of 93 CRC patients and 30 healthy individuals without digestive disorders (non-CRC) were analyzed by 16S rRNA metabarcoding procedures. The data revealed that Parvimonas, Fusobacterium, and Bacteroides fragilis were significantly over-represented in stool samples of CRC patients, whereas Faecalibacterium and Blautia were significantly over-abundant in the non-CRC group. Moreover, the tumor samples were enriched in well-known periodontal anaerobes, including Fusobacterium, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus, Porphyromonas, and Prevotella. Co-occurrence patterns of these oral microorganisms were observed in the subgingival pocket and in the tumor tissues of CRC patients, where they also correlated with other gut microbes, such as Hungatella. This study provides new evidence that oral pathobionts, normally located in subgingival pockets, can migrate to the colon and probably aggregate with aerobic bacteria, forming synergistic consortia. Furthermore, we suggest that the group composed of Fusobacterium, Parvimonas, Bacteroides, and Faecalibacterium could be used to design an excellent noninvasive fecal test for the early diagnosis of CRC. The combination of these four genera would significantly improve the reliability of a discriminatory test with respect to others that use a single species as a unique CRC biomarker.

中文翻译：

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梭杆菌属、细单胞菌属、拟杆菌属和粪杆菌属的多物种微生物簇作为结直肠癌诊断的精确生物标志物

结直肠癌（CRC）的发病率在全球范围内有所增加，早期诊断对于降低死亡率至关重要。因此，需要新的 CRC 无创生物标志物。最近的研究表明，结直肠癌患者的口腔和肠道微生物群不平衡，以及肠道血管屏障功能受损。在本研究中，通过 16S rRNA 宏条形码程序对 93 名 CRC 患者和 30 名无消化系统疾病的健康个体（非 CRC）的唾液、沟液、粪便以及非肿瘤和肿瘤肠道组织样本的微生物组进行了分析。数据显示，小单胞菌属、梭杆菌属和脆弱拟杆菌在结直肠癌患者的粪便样本中明显过多，而粪杆菌属和布劳特氏菌在非结直肠癌组中明显过多。此外，肿瘤样本富含众所周知的牙周厌氧菌，包括梭杆菌、细单胞菌、消化链球菌、卟啉单胞菌和普雷沃菌。在 CRC 患者的龈下袋和肿瘤组织中观察到这些口腔微生物的共现模式，它们还与其他肠道微生物（如Hungatella）相关。这项研究提供了新的证据，表明通常位于龈下袋的口腔致病生物可以迁移到结肠，并可能与需氧细菌聚集，形成协同菌群。此外，我们建议由梭杆菌属、细单胞菌属、拟杆菌属和粪杆菌属组成的群体可用于设计一种出色的非侵入性粪便检测，用于结直肠癌的早期诊断。相对于使用单一物种作为独特 CRC 生物标志物的其他属，这四个属的组合将显着提高歧视性测试的可靠性。