The anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) indicates ovarian reserve in cattle, maintaining a consistent trajectory post-puberty. In heterosexual pregnancies, the development of the Müllerian duct in female foetuses is inhibited, resulting in an anticipated minimal or absent ovarian reserve capacity. This investigation aimed to compare AMH levels in healthy Holstein heifers that had reached puberty with those of freemartin animals of the same breed and age. The study incorporated Holstein heifers reaching puberty between 11 and 15 months of age in Group 1 (G1, n = 20) and freemartin animals in Group 2 (G2, n = 19, 16). AMH measurements (AMH-1/AMH-2) were recorded at 12-day intervals for the study participants. Notably, AMH levels in three freemartin animals could not be detected, prompting statistical analysis based on measurements from the remaining 16 freemartin animals in G2. A statistically significant correlation was observed between two separate measurements in G1 and G2 (p < .001). Furthermore, AMH-1 and AMH-2 levels were statistically higher in G1 than in G2 (p < .001). In G1, AMH-1 levels ranged from 227 to 677 pg/mL, with an average of 367.3 ± 25.5 pg/mL, and AMH-2 levels ranged from 234 to 645 pg/mL, with an average of 380.8 ± 24.4 pg/mL. Conversely, in G2, AMH-1 levels ranged from 10 to 72 pg/mL, with an average of 26.8 ± 4.44 pg/mL, and AMH-2 levels ranged from 12 to 68 pg/mL, with an average of 28.75 ± 4.18 pg/mL. The mean AMH levels in G1 were approximately 14 times higher than in G2 (p < .001). Consequently, ROC analysis utilizing AMH-1 and AMH-2 data established cut-off values of ≤72 and ≤ 68 pg/mL respectively for distinguishing freemartin animals. In conclusion, AMH could be used as a reliable biomarker for identifying Holstein freemartin animals.

中文翻译：

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抗苗勒氏管激素：一种用于检测牛游离马丁主义的新型生物标志物

抗苗勒氏管激素 (AMH) 表明牛的卵巢储备能力，在青春期后保持一致的轨迹。在异性妊娠中，女性胎儿的苗勒管发育受到抑制，导致预期的卵巢储备能力极小或缺乏。本研究旨在比较已进入青春期的健康荷斯坦小母牛与相同品种和年龄的 Freemartin 动物的 AMH 水平。该研究将 11 至 15 个月龄进入青春期的荷斯坦小母牛纳入第 1 组（G1，n  = 20），将 Freemartin 动物纳入第 2 组（G2，n  = 19、16）。研究参与者每隔 12 天记录一次 AMH 测量值 (AMH-1/AMH-2)。值得注意的是，三只 Freemartin 动物的 AMH 水平无法检测到，因此需要根据其余 16 只 G2 期 Freemartin 动物的测量结果进行统计分析。在 G1 和 G2 的两次单独测量之间观察到统计显着相关性 ( p  < .001)。此外，G1 期的 AMH-1 和 AMH-2 水平在统计学上高于 G2 期 ( p  < .001)。在 G1 中，AMH-1 水平范围为 227 至 677 pg/mL，平均为 367.3 ± 25.5 pg/mL，AMH-2 水平范围为 234 至 645 pg/mL，平均为 380.8 ± 24.4 pg/mL。毫升。相反，在 G2 中，AMH-1 水平范围为 10 至 72 pg/mL，平均为 26.8 ± 4.44 pg/mL，AMH-2 水平范围为 12 至 68 pg/mL，平均为 28.75 ± 4.18皮克/毫升。G1 的平均 AMH 水平比 G2 大约高 14 倍 ( p  < .001)。因此，利用 AMH-1 和 AMH-2 数据进行的 ROC 分析分别确定了区分 freemartin 动物的临界值 ≤72 和 ≤ 68 pg/mL。总之，AMH 可作为识别荷斯坦 Freemartin 动物的可靠生物标志物。