Asthma is a global health concern affecting millions of children and adolescents. This review focuses on the possible factors that are associated with the transition from preschool wheezing to childhood asthma and highlights the significance of early-life environmental exposures during pregnancy and the first 6 months of life in shaping allergies and asthma. We observed a scarcity of studies investigating this subgroup, with most focusing on wheezing trajectories. We undertook a thorough investigation of diverse perinatal exposures that have the potential to impact this transition. These factors include maternal asthma, smoking during pregnancy, diet, prepregnancy weight, infant birthweight, gestational age, and breastfeeding. Although limited, studies do suggest that maternal asthma increases the likelihood of preschool wheeze in offspring that persists through childhood with potential asthma progression. Findings concerning other perinatal exposures remain inconsistent. Further research is needed to identify asthma progression risk factors and assess perinatal exposure effects.

中文翻译：

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围产期和出生时危险因素对学龄前喘息至青少年哮喘进展的影响

哮喘是影响数百万儿童和青少年的全球健康问题。本综述重点关注与学龄前喘息向儿童哮喘转变相关的可能因素，并强调怀孕期间和生命前 6 个月的早期环境暴露在形成过敏和哮喘方面的重要性。我们观察到很少有研究调查这一亚组，大多数都集中在喘息轨迹上。我们对可能影响这一转变的各种围产期暴露进行了彻底调查。这些因素包括孕产妇哮喘、怀孕期间吸烟、饮食、孕前体重、婴儿出生体重、胎龄和母乳喂养。尽管有限，但研究确实表明，母亲哮喘会增加后代出现学龄前喘息的可能性，这种喘息会持续到整个童年，并可能导致哮喘进展。关于其他围产期暴露的调查结果仍然不一致。需要进一步的研究来确定哮喘进展的危险因素并评估围产期暴露的影响。