Pollution caused by petroleum-based plastics, especially single-use food packaging, has become a global problem. In order to offer sustainable alternatives to traditional plastic, it is important to explore the use of new biodegradable plastic materials made from renewable sources. Bioplastics made from seaweed extracts, such as carrageenan and alginate, show promise as viable options. However, these phycocolloids are expensive and require a lengthy extraction process. This report presents the development of bioplastics using the entire biomass of a red seaweed (Kappaphycus sp.). The initial focus of the study was to optimize the concentration of the main ingredients, which included biomass and glycerol (plasticizer agent). The concentration range that was tested included a biomass-to-water ratio of 1:50 to 1:90 and a plasticizer concentration of 1% to 5% (v/v). Subsequently, bioplastics were created by incorporating natural dye extracts from butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea), bougainvillea flower (Bougainvillea glabra), and dragon fruit peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus) using a casting method at the selected optimum concentrations. The resulting bioplastics were then characterized for their physicochemical properties (including shelf-life and biodegradability), and antimicrobial activity using standard methods. The study successfully developed bioplastics with a thickness of less than 100 µm and a moisture content below 40%. Within the tested range, the most optimal concentrations were a biomass-to-water ratio of 1:50 to 1:60 and 1% glycerol, based on factors such as tensile strength (TS), water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), elasticity, appearance, shelf-life, and biodegradability. All of the bioplastics completely degraded during a soil burial test within 13-15 days. The inclusion of brightly coloured plant extracts increased the bioplastics' antioxidant properties by more than 10% in scavenging activity. Furthermore, the dyed bioplastics had a shelf-life that was 20-30% longer. While these biomass bioplastics have lower tensile strength, elasticity, and water vapor permeation rate (<10 MPa, <30 MPa, and >2 g m^-2 h^-1, respectively), they show potential for applications where high tensile strength is not required, such as food packaging or wrapping.

石油基塑料，特别是一次性食品包装造成的污染，已成为一个全球性问题。为了提供传统塑料的可持续替代品，探索使用由可再生资源制成的新型可生物降解塑料材料非常重要。由海藻提取物（例如角叉菜胶和藻酸盐）制成的生物塑料有望成为可行的选择。然而，这些藻胶体价格昂贵并且需要漫长的提取过程。本报告介绍了利用红海藻（ Kappaphycus sp.）的全部生物质开发生物塑料的情况。研究的最初重点是优化主要成分的浓度，其中包括生物质和甘油（增塑剂）。测试的浓度范围包括生物质与水的比例为 1:50 至 1:90，增塑剂浓度为 1% 至 5% ( v/v )。随后，通过浇铸法以选定的最佳浓度，将蝴蝶豌豆花 ( Clitoria ternatea )、九重葛花 ( Bougainvillea glabra ) 和火龙果皮 ( Hylocereus polyrhizus ) 的天然染料提取物掺入其中，从而制造出生物塑料。然后使用标准方法对所得生物塑料的理化特性（包括保质期和生物降解性）和抗菌活性进行表征。该研究成功开发出厚度小于100微米、含水量低于40%的生物塑料。在测试范围内，根据拉伸强度 (TS)、水蒸气透过率 (WVTR)、弹性等因素，最佳浓度是生物质与水的比例为 1:50 至 1:60 和 1% 甘油、外观、保质期和生物降解性。在土埋测试中，所有生物塑料在 13-15 天内完全降解。添加颜色鲜艳的植物提取物后，生物塑料的抗氧化性能和清除活性提高了 10% 以上。此外，染色生物塑料的保质期延长了 20-30%。虽然这些生物质生物塑料具有较低的拉伸强度、弹性和水蒸气渗透率（分别<10 MPa、<30 MPa 和>2 gm ^-2 h ^-1），但它们在不需要高拉伸强度的应用中显示出潜力，例如食品包装或包装材料。