Soil amelioration via strategic deep tillage is occasionally utilized within conservation tillage systems to alleviate soil constraints, but its impact on weed seed burial and subsequent growth within the agronomic system is poorly understood. This study assessed the effects of different strategic deep-tillage practices, including soil loosening (deep ripping), soil mixing (rotary spading), or soil inversion (moldboard plow), on weed seed burial and subsequent weed growth, compared with a no-till control. The tillage practices were applied in 2019 at Yerecoin and Darkan, WA, and data on weed seed burial and growth were collected during the following 3-yr winter crop rotation (2019 to 2021). Soil inversion buried 89% of rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin) and ripgut brome (Bromus diandrus Roth) seeds to a depth of 10 to 20 cm at both sites, while soil loosening and mixing left between 31% and 91% of the seeds in the top 0 to 10 cm of soil, with broad variation between sites. Few seeds were buried beyond 20 cm despite tillage working depths exceeding 30 cm at both sites. Soil inversion reduced the density of L. rigidum to <1 plant m−2 for 3 yr after strategic tillage. Bromus diandrus density was initially reduced to 0 to 1 plant m−2 by soil inversion, but increased to 4 plants m−2 at Yerecoin in 2020 and 147 plants at Darkan in 2021. Soil loosening or mixing did not consistently decrease weed density. The field data were used to parameterize a model that predicted weed density following strategic tillage with greater accuracy for soil inversion than for loosening or mixing. The findings provide important insights into the effects of strategic deep tillage on weed management in conservational agricultural systems and demonstrate the potential of models for optimizing weed management strategies.

通过战略性深耕改良土壤有时会在保护性耕作系统中使用，以减轻土壤限制，但其对农艺系统中杂草种子埋藏和后续生长的影响知之甚少。这项研究评估了不同策略深耕做法的影响，包括土壤松动（深翻）、土壤混合（旋转铲土）或土壤翻转（犁耕），与不采用深耕方法相比，对杂草种子埋藏和随后的杂草生长的影响。直至控制。 2019 年，该耕作方法在华盛顿州 Yerecoin 和 Darkan 实施，并在接下来的 3 年冬季轮作期间（2019 年至 2021 年）收集了杂草种子埋藏和生长的数据。土壤倒转将两个地点 89% 的刚性黑麦草 ( Lolium strictum Gaudin) 和 ripgut brome ( Bromus diandrus Roth) 种子埋入 10 至 20 厘米的深度，而土壤松动和混合则使 31% 至 91% 的种子埋藏在土壤中。土壤表层 0 至 10 厘米，不同地点之间差异很大。尽管两个地点的耕作深度均超过 30 厘米，但很少有种子埋深超过 20 厘米。策略性耕作后，土壤反转将刚性乳杆菌的密度降低至 <1 株 m −2，持续 3 年。通过土壤反转，雀麦的密度最初降低至 0 至 1 株 m −2，但 2020 年在 Yerecoin 增加至 4 株 m −2，2021 年在达肯增加至 147 株。土壤松动或混合并没有持续降低杂草密度。现场数据用于参数化模型，该模型预测策略性耕作后的杂草密度，土壤反演的准确性比松散或混合的准确性更高。研究结果为了解战略深耕对保护性农业系统杂草管理的影响提供了重要见解，并证明了优化杂草管理策略的模型的潜力。